Table 1.
Reference values for 3DE-derived systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI)
| Study (reference) | Segments | SDI (%) in healthy volunteers | n | SDI (%) in chronic heart failure patients | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kapetanakis et al. [38] | 16 | 3.5 ± 1.6 | 78 | 15.7 ± 6.7 | 44 |
| Soliman et al. [42] | 17 | 4.1 ± 2.2 | 60 | 13.4 ± 8.1 | 84 |
| Kleijn et al. [43] | 16 | 3.7 ± 2.6 | 30 | 9.7 ± 4.0 | 60 |
| Van Dijk et al. [45] | 16 | 5.6 ± 3.6 | 16 | 12.8 ± 4.8 | 23 |
| Delgado et al. [47] | 17 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 10 | 14.3 ± 7.5 | 22 |
| Gimenes et al. [48] | 16 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 120 | ||
| Liodakis et al. [49] | 16 | 9.8 ± 2.1 | 35 | 17.3 ± 4.0 | 35 |
| Sonne et al. [51] | 16 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 16 | 9.1 ± 1.1 a | 16 |
| 8.7 ± 2.9 b | 16 |
a Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy without left bundle branch block, b patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block