Table 2.
A Comparison of Cystatin C Level and Creatinine Level as Measures of Kidney Function in HIV-Infected and Control Participants
| Measure of Kidney Function | HIV-Infected Individuals (n=519) |
Controls (n=290) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cystatin C, mean±SD, mg/L | 0.92±0.22 | 0.76±0.15 | <.001 |
| Unadjusted difference (95% CI)a | 0.16 (0.14 to 0.19) | … | <.001 |
| Adjusted difference (95% CI)a,b | 0.11 (0.08 to 0.14) | … | <.001 |
| Cystatin C >1.0 mg/L, No. (%) | 156 (31) | 11 (4) | <.001 |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI)a | 10.8 (5.7 to 20.2) | … | <.001 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)a,b | 9.8 (4.4 to 22.0) | … | <.001 |
| Creatinine, mean±SD, mg/dL | 0.87±0.21 | 0.85±0.19 | .35 |
| Unadjusted difference (95% CI)a | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) | … | .19 |
| Adjusted difference (95% CI)a,b | 0.00 (−0.03 to 0.03) | … | .78 |
| eGFR, mean±SD, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 110±26 | 106±23 | .06 |
| Unadjusted difference (95% CI)a | 4 (0 to 7) | … | .04 |
| Adjusted difference (95% CI)a,b | 2 (−2 to 7) | … | .35 |
| eGFR <75 mL/min/1.73 m2, No. (%) | 28 (5) | 13 (4) | .62 |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI)a | 1.22 (0.62 to 2.39) | … | .57 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)a,b | 1.28 (0.56 to 2.92) | … | .55 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; OR, odds ratio.
SI conversion factor: To convert creatinine to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4.
a
Participants with HIV vs controls.
b
Sex, age, and ethnicity were included in all models; other candidate variables were selected by a stepwise procedure.