Table 1.

Application of Secreted Blood Reporters

Secreted reporters	Strategy	Applications	References
Secreted Alkaline Phosphatase	Constitutive expression driven by promoters	Monitor gene expression in gene transfer studies Monitor tumor growth and response to therapy	Brown et al. 2008 Hughes et al. 2009 Cutrera et. al 2011 Nilsson et al. 2002 Chaudhuri et al. 2003
	Expression under the control of transcription factors/gene promoters	Monitor transcription factors, signaling pathways, such as NFκB, ER stress	Meng et al. 2005 Hiramatsu et al. 2006
	Expression using modified murine embryonic alkaline phosphatase	Long-term expression of SEAP in mice	Wang et al. 2001 Gerard et al. 2009
	Expression using alkaline phosphatase isolated from mouse plancental RNA		Mælandsmo et al. 2005
Soluble Peptide Markers	Measles virus to express human carcinoembryonic antigen	Non-invasively monitor virus expression and kinetics	Peng et al. 2002a Pham et al. 2009 Rocci et al. 2008 Liu et al. 2008
	Measles virus to express human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit
	Measles virus to express human sodium iodide symporter	Use the image intensity of a membrane protein as control
	Measles virus to express human light immunoglobulin chain	Discrimination between tumor and normal cells	Iankov et al. 2009
Gaussia Luciferase	Constitutive expression driven by promoters	Monitor cell growth and response to therapy, Viral infection/replication, Viability of circulation cells	Wurdinger et al. 2008 Tannous et al. 2009 Chung et al. 2009 Marquardt et al. 2011
	Expression under the control of transcription factors/gene promoters	Monitor transcription factors, signaling pathways, ER stress etc.	Badr et al. 2007 Yang and Richmond 2009 Badr et al. 2010a Badr et al. 2011
	Fusing to microRNA target site at the 3′ UTR	Monitor expression and activity of miRNAs	Kim et al. 2009
	Fusing a short peptide recognized and cleaved by caspase-3	Real-time in vivo monitoring of apoptosis	Niers et al. 2011
	Isolation Gluc variant that catalyzes stable light emission	High-throughput screening	Maguire et al. 2009