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. 2011 Aug 26;12(9):5461–5470. doi: 10.3390/ijms12095461

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© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Expression stability of 12 reference genes in human brain samples. (A) Average expression stability values (M) of 12 candidate genes from the least stable to the most stable, calculated by geNorm; (B) Determination of optimal number of reference genes required for accurate normalization based on pairwise variation (V_n/V_n+1) between candidate genes; (C) Stability of different reference gene candidates according to NormFinder; (D) Determination of the optimal number of control genes for normalization data on the calculation of the Accumulated Standard Deviation (Acc.S.D.) using NormFinder.