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. 2011 Aug 23;108(6):1065–1073. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcr221

Table 1.

Canopy photosynthesis (assimilation rate, g CH2O m2 d1) in response to leaf elevation angle, phyllotaxis, leaflet angle and arrangement, leaf length : width ratio, internode length scenarios as well as the optimized architectures

Winter Summer
Leaf elevation angle
 –30° 4·7 40·5
 –15° 5·0 40·5
 0 (reference structure) 5·3 42·0
  + 15° 5·0 40·5
  + 30° 4·9 41·7
Leaf azimuth angle
 110 5·2 42·3
 135 5·3 41·8
 160 (reference structure) 5·3 42·0
 180 5·1 41·7
Leaflet angle
 0° 5·1 37·3
 22° 5·2 40·5
 From 35° to 0° (reference structure) 5·3
 42°
Leaflet arrangement
 Longer leaflet petioles 5·2 39·4
 Same area leaflets 5·0 39·3
 Fewer/bigger leaflets 4·9 41·8
 Reference structure 5·3 42·0
Leaf length : width ratio
 0·5 4·7 34·3
 0·75 4·8 39·8
 1·02 (reference structure) 5·3 42·0
 1·25 5·5 44·2
 1·5 5·6 44·6
Internode length
 3 cm 4·3 37·0
 5 cm 5·0 38·8
 7 cm (reference structure) 5·3 42·0
 10 cm 5·6 44·2
 12 cm 5·7 44·6
Optimized canopy architecture
 Scenario A 5·6 45·2
 Scenario B 5·9 46·7