Table 1.
Patient characteristics according to ethnicity
| Characteristic | Chinese | South Asian | Non-Asian | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 258 | N = 511 | N = 9157 | ||
| Age, n (%) | ||||
| 65-69 years | 66 (25.6) | 167 (32.7) | 2297 (25.1) | 0.0006 |
| 70-74 years | 63 (24.4) | 143 (28) | 2330 (25.5) | 0.40 |
| 75-79 years | 62 (24) | 104 (20.4) | 2111 (23.1) | 0.34 |
| ≥ 80 years | 67 (26) | 97 (19) | 2419 (26.4) | 0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 93 (36.1) | 204 (39.9) | 3718 (40.6) | 0.33 |
| Income, n (%) * | ||||
| < $30,569 | 83 (32.2) | 129 (25.2) | 2165 (23.6) | < 0.0001 |
| $30,570-43,147 | 78 (30.2) | 138 (27) | 1735 (19) | < 0.0001 |
| $43,148 - 54,103 | 36 (14) | 110 (21.5) | 1642 (17.9) | < 0.0001 |
| $54,104 - 68,206 | 23 (8.9) | 62 (12.1) | 1609 (17.6) | < 0.0001 |
| $68,207 - 221,991 | 35 (13.6) | 55 (10.8) | 1559 (17) | < 0.0001 |
| > 50km to hospital, n (%) | 12 (4.7) | 74 (14.5) | 3181 (34.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Number of hospitalizations, mean (SD) | 0.18 (0.49) | 0.31 (0.66) | 0.3 (0.64) | < 0.0001 |
| Total # of medications†, mean (SD) | 7.51 (3.81) | 8.18 (3.9) | 7.32 (3.63) | 0.011 |
| Prior use of ACEI, BB, or statin‡, n (%) | 109 (42.3) | 188 (36.8) | 3376 (36.9) | 0.21 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 67 (26) | 152 (29.8) | 1526 (16.7) | < 0.0001 |
| CHF | 58 (22.5) | 110 (21.5) | 1570 (17.2) | 0.004 |
| Cardiac | 40 (15.5) | 60 (11.7) | 1392 (15.2) | 0.10 |
| PAD | 7 (2.7) | 4 (0.8) | 342 (3.7) | 0.0016 |
| Hypertension | 98 (38) | 160 (31.3) | 2402 (26.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Cerebrovascular | 12 (4.7) | 9 (1.8) | 203 (2.2) | 0.03 |
| Kidney disease | 15 (5.8) | 16 (3.1) | 180 (2) | < 0.0001 |
Abbreviations: ACEI = angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; BB = beta-blocker; CHF = congestive heart failure; PAD = peripheral arterial disease; PDC = proportion of days covered
* Missing socio-economic status data was < 4.8% (1.6% Chinese, 3.4% South Asians, 4.9% Non-Asians)
† Within 3 months of discharge from index admission date
‡ Within 3 months prior to index admission date