Table 2. Resting and Post-Exercise Vessel Hemodynamic Parameters - Non-Smokers vs. Chronic Smoking.

							P Values
		Resting	2 min	5 min	10 min	15 min	Resting	2 min	5 min	10 min	15 min
HR	Non-S	62.6±8.0	111.7±15.3&	100.6±9.5&	97.7±9.8&	95.5±9.6&	NS	NS	0.01	0.02	0.02
	CS	61.7±8.0	104.8±15.0&	91.2±10.1&	88.3±10.5&	86.2±10.6&
Aortic PP	Non-S	27.0±4.7	−	41.1±12.7&	31.0±9.7&	27.6±7.0	0.04	−	NS*	NS*	0.02
	CS	23.9±6.5	−	35.0±5.8&	26.9±4.3&	22.0±4.6&
MAP	Non-S	82.2±8.9	94.1±12.5&	81.4±10.7	80.3±8.9	81.7±8.9	NS	NS	NS	0.01	0.03
	CS	83.2±8.4	94.2±10.8&	84.2±9.5	85.6±7.6	85.6±7.8
cfPWV	Non-S	6.0±0.7	9.0±2.0&	6.6±1.3&	6.1±0.9	6.1±0.9	NS	NS	NS	NS*	NS*
	CS	6.3±1.0	8.8±1.7&	7.1±1.4&	6.7±1.0&	6.7±1.1&
AIx75	Non-S	−11.4±10.0	−	12.9±7.5&	6.6±8.2&	3.2±9.2&	0.04	−	NS	0.01	0.003
	CS	−3.5±10.4	−	10.9±8.7&	4.1±9.8&	−1.0±9.5
SEVR	Non-S	173.4±44.8	−	75.6±24.9&	80.7±26.4&	87.0±24.8&	NS	−	NS*	NS*	0.003
	CS	163.7±26.8	−	91.1±16.7&	97.8±17.4&	111.6±20.9&

HR, heart rate (beats per minute); Non-S, non-smokers; CS, smokers-chronic smoking condition; PP, pulse pressure (mmHg); MAP, mean arterial pressure (mmHg); cfPWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (m/s); AIx75, augmentation index adjusted to heart rate of 75 beats per minute (%); SEVR, subendocardial viability ratio (%)

All values are mean±standard deviation.

^*P<0.05 before adjustment.

^&P<0.05 against resting value (i.e. this parameter has not recovered to resting levels).

Resting HR, cfPWV, AIx75, and SEVR are adjusted for age and resting MAP. Post-exercise, these variables are adjusted for age, exercise time, resting MAP, and the corresponding resting parameter.

Resting aortic PP and MAP were adjusted for age. Post-exercise, these variables were adjusted for age, exercise time, and the corresponding resting parameter.