TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics of 102 and 48 patients undergoing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) and robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN) respectively.
| LPNx | RALPNx | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| no./value | (%/range) | no./value | (%/range) | p-value | ||
| Male Sex | 63 | (61.8%) | 27 | (56.3%) | 0.52 | |
| Age (median) | 56 | (25–81) | 62 | (27–77) | 0.006 | |
| Incidental | 73 | (71.6%) | 40 | (83.3%) | 0.53 | |
| Comorbidities | Hypertension | 64 | (62.7%) | 30 | (62.5%) | 0.98 |
| Diabetes | 25 | (24.5%) | 7 | (14.6%) | 0.17 | |
| Smoking History | 38 | (37.3%) | 27 | (56.3%) | 0.03 | |
| Family History RCC | 3 | (2.9%) | 2 | (4.2%) | 0.68 | |
| BMI (median) | 30.3 | (18.7–46.5) | 28.2 | (17.8–40.5) | 0.053 | |
| Race | White | 83 | (81.4%) | 41 | (85.4%) | 0.46 |
| Black | 14 | (13.7%) | 5 | (10.4%) | ||
| Other | 5 | (4.9%) | 2 | (4.2%) | ||
| ACE | 0 (none) | 18 | (17.6%) | 7 | (14.6%) | 0.38 |
| 1 (mild) | 51 | (50.0%) | 22 | (45.8%) | ||
| 2–3 (mod-severe) | 33 | (32.4%) | 19 | (39.6%) | ||
| ASA | 1 to 2 | 47 | (46.1%) | 28 | (58.3%) | 0.02 |
| 3+ | 52 | (51.0%) | 20 | (41.7%) | ||
| Prior Abdominal Surgery | 56 | (54.9%) | 23 | (47.9%) | 0.4 | |
| Tumor | Median Clincal Size (cm) | 2.5 | (1.0–6.4) | 2.2 | (1.0–7.5) | 0.17 |
| Characteristics | Median Pathologic Size (cm) | 2.2 | (0.5–7.7) | 2.0 | (0.9–6.) | 0.1 |
| Laterality | Left | 47 | (46.1%) | 26 | (54.2%) | 0.36 |
| Right | 55 | (53.9%) | 22 | (45.8%) | ||
| Solitary Kidney | 0 | (0.0%) | 2 | (4.2%) | 0.04 | |
| RENAL | Mean Score | 6.5 | (4–10) | 5.9 | (4–10) | 0.06 |
| nephrometry | Low Complexity | 39 | (52.0%) | 28 | (65.1%) | 0.4 |
| Moderate Complexity | 34 | (45.3%) | 14 | (32.6%) | ||
| High Complexity | 2 | (2.7%) | 1 | (2.3%) | ||
| Exophytic | >50% | 37 | (49.3%) | 24 | (55.8%) | 0.3 |
| <50% | 35 | (46.7%) | 15 | (34.9%) | ||
| Endophytic | 3 | (4.0%) | 4 | (9.3%) | ||
| Abut Collecting System | 31 | (41.3%) | 13 | (30.2%) | 0.04 | |
| Coronal Plane | Anterior | 25 | (33.3%) | 20 | (46.5%) | 0.25 |
| Posterior | 27 | (36.0%) | 15 | (34.9%) | ||
| Polar Location | Entirely polar | 39 | (52.0%) | 23 | (53.5%) | 0.8 |
| Crosses polar or midline | 36 | (48.0%) | 20 | (46.5%) | ||
| Pathology | RCC | 74 | (72.5%) | 33 | (68.8%) | 0.64 |
| RCC(clear cell) | 44 | (59.5%) | 22 | (50.0%) | ||
| RCC(papillary) | 22 | (29.7%) | 7 | (15.9%) | ||
| RCC(chromophobe) | 7 | (9.5%) | 3 | (6.8%) | ||
| RCC(mixed) | 1 | (1.4%) | 1 | (2.3%) | ||
| AML | 10 | (9.8%) | 1 | (2.1%) | ||
| Oncocytoma | 10 | (9.8%) | 6 | (12.5%) | ||
| Benign (other) | 8 | (7.8%) | 6 | (12.5%) | ||
| Sarcoma Mets | 0 | (0.0%) | 2 | (4.2%) | ||
| Fuhrman | 1 to 2 | 48 | (47.1%) | 22 | (45.8%) | 0.4 |
| Grade | 3 to 4 | 22 | (21.6%) | 9 | (18.8%) | |
ACE: adult comorbidity evaluation, ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists, BMI: body mass index, RCC: renal cell carcinoma.
*
The polar location is defined as the tumor location relative to the polar lines (the plane of the kidney above or below which the medial lip of parenchyma is interrupted by the renal sinus fat, vessels or the collecting system).15