Table 1.

Mean ± SD of physiological and self-report measures

	Placebo		Nicotine
	Pre-gum	Post-gum	Pre-gum	Post-gum
Smokers (n = 11)
SYS	114.2  ± 10.7	119.3  ± 10.6	118.3  ± 10.7	120.1  ± 11.6
DIAS	69.3  ± 9.5	75.9  ± 5.8	74.7  ± 4.0	77.2  ± 8.1
Pulse	72.0  ± 10.8	69.7  ± 9.4	74.2  ± 9.2	72.8  ± 10.7
Anxiety*	38.0  ± 11.0	—†	39.9  ± 11.6	—†
SE‡	0.3  ± 0.5	0.5  ± 0.8	0.4  ± 0.5	0.3  ± 0.4
WD§	28.1  ± 18.7	31.6  ± 19.5	29.8  ± 16.2	26.3  ± 11.4
Ex-Smokers (n = 11)
SYS	115.0  ± 10.7	118.4  ± 12.4	114.6  ± 10.7	113.9  ± 12.3
DIAS	70.4  ± 7.3	72.4  ± 7.2	71.2  ± 5.9	70.0  ± 8.2
Pulse	67.4  ± 8.3	66.4  ± 13.1	64.0  ± 11.2	65.9  ± 9.4
Anxiety	23.7  ± 6.4	—†	24.5  ± 7.2	—†
SE	0.3  ± 0.3	0.1  ± 0.2	0.1  ± 0.1	0.3  ± 0.5
WD	3.6  ± 4.6	4.0  ± 4.0	3.7  ± 5.0	6.0  ± 4.7

SYS, systolic BP; DIAS, diastolic BP; SE, side effects; WD, withdrawal. 

^*State trait anxiety index. 

^† Not measured. 

^‡ Subjective Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale. 

^§ Minnesota nicotine-withdrawal scale.