Table 1.
Metabolic Risk Variables According to Categories of Percentage Body Fat in Men and Women
| Variable | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body fat contenta | <20% | 20–24.9% | ≥25% | <35% | 35–39.9% | ≥40% |
| Number | 287 | 344 | 507 | 410 | 381 | 658 |
| Race B/W/H (n) | 186/76/25 | 165/110/69 | 178/238/91 | 193/149/68 | 200/117/64 | 341/187/130 |
| Age (years) | 42.6 ± 9.7 | 43.5 ± 9.3 | 44.7 ± 9.6 | 40.8 ± 9.5 | 44.0 ± 9.8 | 45.8 ± 9.8 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 3.0 | 27.5 ± 3.5 | 31.6 ± 4.2 | 24.0 ± 3.8 | 28.7 ± 3.9 | 36.0 ± 6.5 |
| Waist (cm) | 85.4 ± 7.5 | 96.3 ± 7.1 | 108.1 ± 10.5 | 80.9 ± 9.9 | 92.3 ± 10.3 | 106.1 ± 13.9 |
| Body fat content (%) | 15.0 ± 3.6 | 22.7 ± 1.4 | 29.4 ± 3.5 | 29.5 ± 4.8 | 37.5 ± 1.4 | 44.4 ± 3.2 |
| Trunk/lower body fat ratio | 1.41 ± 0.42 | 1.69 ± 0.46 | 1.77 ± 0.41 | 1.07 ± 0.42 | 1.25 ± 0.33 | 1.35 ± 0.33 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 76 (58–113) | 104 (72–152) | 121 (82–180) | 72 (54–102) | 95 (69–128) | 95 (70–135) |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 50 (41–61) | 45 (38.5–51) | 41 (35–49) | 57 (48–67) | 51 (43–60) | 50 (43–59) |
| HOMA-IR | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 2.0 (1.3–2.9) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 1.6 (1.0–2.3) | 2.2 (1.4–3.0) |
| Systolic BP (mm/Hg) | 121 (111–132) | 123 (115–135) | 125 (117–136) | 111 (104–123) | 118 (109–129) | 122 (111–134) |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.1 (0.5–2.9) | 1.6 (0.8–3.3) | 2.4 (1.4–4.4) | 1.4 (0.6–3.4) | 2.8 (1.5–5.2) | 6.3 (3.0–12.1) |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 1.8 (1.0–2.7) | 4.4 (2.9–6.2) | 8.8 (6.4–12.6) | 9.4 (5.7–13.9) | 20.1 (15.3–26.5) | 36.8 (27.2–47.3) |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median and interquartile range (25th–75th percentile).
a
For continuous variables BMI through leptin, p < 0.001 comparing the three percent body fat categories with the Kruskal–Wallis test. For age, p < 0.01. The Kruskal–Wallis test was run for men and women separately.
Note: B, black; W, white; H, Hispanic, n, number; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostatis assessment model for insulin resistance; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein.