Overexpression of Nanog and Oct4 enhanced colony formation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) compared with no insert control (Dest) MSCs. (A) Nanog and Oct4 overexpressing MSCs were seeded at 250, 500, and 1,000 cells in 10 cm dishes, and colonies were counted after Giemsa stain 18 days after seeding, showing Nanog and Oct4 overexpression enhanced colony formation of MSCs compared with no insert control. Asterisks indicate a significant difference compared to no insert control (t-test: P < 0.05). (B) Colony formation from no insert control MSCs, Nanog overexpressing MSCs, and Oct4 overexpressing MSCs seeded at 500 cells in 10 cm dishes. (C) Single colony from no insert control MSCs, Nanog overexpressing MSCs, and Oct4 overexpressing MSCs.