Table 4.
Likelihood-based tests for alternative topologies
| Topologya | Ln Likelihood | Diff.b | SH | AU |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1,(2,(3,((4,(5, 6)),((7, 8), R))))) | -159175.3 | 0.0 | 1.0000 | 0.9139 |
| (7,(1,(2,(3,(4,((5, 6),(8, R))))))) | -159195.4 | 20.1 | 0.4269 | 0.2226 |
| (1,(2,(7,(3,(4,((5, 6),(8, R))))))) | -159195.7 | 20.4 | 0.4109 | 0.0514 |
| (1,(7,(2,(3,(4,((5, 6),(8, R))))))) | -159198.9 | 23.6 | 0.3037 | 0.0766 |
| (7,(1,(2,(3,(6,(8,(5,(4, R)))))))) | -159200.5 | 25.2 | 0.2912 | 0.1972 |
| (7,(1,(3,(2,(4,((5, 6),(8, R))))))) | -159201.4 | 26.1 | 0.2531 | 0.0882 |
| ((1, 3),(7,(2,((5, 6), (8, R)))))c | -159212.5 | 37.2 | 0.1071 | 0.0000* |
| (7,(1,(2,(3,((4, 6),(5,(8, R)))))) | -159215.6 | 40.3 | 0.0446* | 0.0000* |
| (1,(2,(7,(3,(4,(5,(6,(8, R)))))))) | -159219.3 | 44.0 | 0.0371* | 0.0000* |
| (1,(4,(7,(2,(3,(6,(8,(5, R)))))))) | -159220.9 | 45.6 | 0.0485* | 0.0295 |
| Calcagnotto et al. [31] | -159685.2 | 509.9 | 0.0145* | 0.0000* |
| Lucena and Menezes [12] | -159692.4 | 517.1 | 0.0128* | 0.0000* |
| Mirande [22], node 176 only | -160345.9 | 1170.6 | 0.0000* | 0.0000* |
| Mirande [22] | -166637.0 | 7461.7 | 0.0000* | 0.0000* |
SH and AU are probability values obtained for the Shimodaira-Hasegawa and the Approximately Unbiased tests (Shimodaira 2002). Asterisks denote significant values (P < 0.05 for SH and P < 0.01 for AU), that imply the topology is rejected.
a Topologies are sorted by likelihood values (obtained with Treefinder); at the top is the unconstrained ML topology summarized in Figure 4. Alternative hypotheses tested are depicted by parenthetic notation, where numbers represent the following taxa: 1: Distichodontidae+Citharinidae, 2: Crenuchidae, 3: Alestidae+Hepsetidae, 4: Erythrinidae, 5: Parodontidae, 6: Cynodontidae+Anostomoidea+Serrasalmidae+Hemiodontidae, 7: Ctenoluciidae, 8: Lebiasinidae, R: the rest (node 31 in Figure 4). Other topologies tested were taken from Calcagnotto et al. (2005); Lucena and Menezes (1998): the monophyly of Cynodontidae according to these authors groups: Cynodon, Hydrolycus, Rhaphiodon, Gilbertolus, and Roestes; Mirande (2010): either his full cladogram or only a constraint to impose his node 176 (Salmininae, Agoniatinae, Acestrorhynchinae, Cynodontidae).
b Difference in Ln likelihood score with the best tree and the alternative topologies tested.
c This topology is consistent with the reciprocal monophyly of African and Neotropical species.