FIGURE 3.

Phlorizin treatment of diabetic mice lowers blood glucose concentrations and alters hepatic 4E-BP1 phosphorylation without changing mTORC1 signaling. Ins2^Akita/+ diabetic mice and non-diabetic littermates were subcutaneously injected with solvent or phlorizin (PHZ) twice daily for 7 days to lower blood glucose concentrations (see supplemental Fig. S1). A, 4E-BP1 content was assessed by treating supernatants from liver WCL with λ-phosphatase (PPase) followed by Western blot analysis as described under “Experimental Procedures.” B, 4E-BP1 phosphorylation was assessed by Western blot analysis as described in the legend to Fig. 1. Western blot analysis of S6K1 phosphorylation on Thr³⁸⁹ (C) and eIF4G phosphorylation on Ser¹¹⁰⁸ (D). Samples were blotted for GAPDH to serve as a loading control. Representative blots are shown. Values are means + S.E. (n = 10). Statistical significance is denoted by the presence of different letters above the bars on the graphs. Bars with different letters are statistically different, p < 0.05.