Skip to main content
. 2011 Oct 15;7(5):507–511. doi: 10.5664/JCSM.1320

Table 2.

Outcome data

Variable Baseline M (SD) Week 3 M (SD) 1 yr f/u M (SD) ANOVA
WL F P ES
    Sleep latency (min)‡
        Control 22.18 (16.71) 21.39 (15.29) 20.79 (13.84) 0.993 0.176 0.839 0.007
        Interneta 25.12 (16.00) 15.81 (13.42) 15.69 (11.97) 0.659 15.53*** < 0.001 0.341
        Internet & Routined 24.14 (15.92) 13.64 (13.26) 16.68 (12.25) 0.612 16.82*** < 0.001 0.388
    Number of night wakings‡
        Controlb 1.70 (1.10) 1.50 (1.13) 0.94 (1.04) 0.745 8.88*** < 0.001 0.255
        Interneta 1.76 (1.13) 1.13 (0.86) 0.77 (0.86) 0.571 22.59*** < 0.001 0.429
        Internet & Routinea 1.73 (0.89) 0.96 (0.82) 0.76 (0.82) 0.474 29.43*** < 0.001 0.526
    Total time awake at night (hours)‡
        Controlb,c 0.69 (0.68) 0.64 (0.70) 0.23 (0.49) 0.540 22.12*** < 0.001 0.460
        Interneta 0.83 (0.80) 0.41 (0.51) 0.26 (0.57) 0.676 14.37*** < 0.001 0.324
        Internet & Routinea 0.66 (0.51) 0.30 (0.36) 0.17 (0.30) 0.561 20.71*** < 0.001 0.439
    Longest continuous sleep period (hours)‡
        Controlb,c 6.24 (2.54) 6.92 (2.64) 8.50 (2.68) 0.646 13.44*** < 0.001 0.354
        Interneta 5.90 (2.49) 7.55 (2.50) 8.65 (2.40) 0.513 27.48*** < 0.001 0.487
        Internet & Routinea 5.97 (2.52) 7.99 (2.52) 8.44 (2.33) 0.477 27.99*** < 0.001 0.523
    Total nighttime sleep (h)
        Control 9.66 (1.31) 9.81 (1.61) 9.87 (1.33) 0.966 0.924 0.403 0.034
        Internet 9.48 (1.50) 9.90 (1.21) 10.13 (1.22) 0.824 6.40 0.003 0.176
        Internet & Routined 9.50 (1.39) 10.22 (1.12) 9.90 (1.13) 0.711 10.59*** < 0.001 0.289
    Total naps (hours)
        Control 2.11 (0.84) 1.99 (0.93) 1.76 (0.96) 0.910 2.57 0.086 0.090
        Internetb 2.39 (1.16) 2.12 (0.81) 1.73 (0.89) 0.748 10.10*** < 0.001 0.252
        Internet & Routine 2.43 (1.33) 2.28 (0.88) 1.80 (0.92) 0.848 4.75 0.013 0.152
    Consider sleep a problem^‡
        Controla 2.96 (1.01) 2.46 (1.19) 1.94 (1.07) 0.574 19.31*** < 0.001 0.426
        Interneta 2.89 (0.93) 2.06 (0.99) 1.95 (1.17) 0.543 25.24*** < 0.001 0.457
        Internet & Routinea 3.18 (0.98) 2.00 (1.07) 2.05 (1.25) 0.388 41.76*** < 0.001 0.612
    How difficult was falling asleep?∧
        Control 4.33 (1.10) 4.15 (1.54) 3.78 (1.37) 0.869 3.93 0.026 0.131
        Interneta 4.24 (1.52) 3.55 (1.42) 3.03 (1.19) 0.611 19.14*** < 0.001 0.389
        Internet & Routinea 4.31 (1.35) 3.36 (1.43) 3.25 (1.31) 0.637 15.12*** < 0.001 0.363
    Maternal confidence‡
        Control 2.70 (1.16) 2.31 (1.24) 1.93 (1.20) 0.755 8.434 0.001 0.245
        Interneta 3.06 (1.10) 1.82 (.92) 1.81 (0.92) 0.346 56.82*** < 0.001 0.654
        Internet & Routined 2.65 (1.09) 1.78 (1.07) 2.00 (1.29) 0.593 18.21*** < 0.001 0.407
    Maternal sleep quality
        Control 1.50 (0.69) 1.24 (0.67) 1.19 (0.59) 0.842 4.882 0.011 0.158
        Internetd 1.53 (0.72) 0.90 (0.62) 1.15 (0.60) 0.601 19.158*** < 0.001 0.390
        Internet & Routined 1.42 (0.63) 0.84 (0.71) 1.35 (0.75) 0.622 16.129*** < 0.001 0.378

A one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was utilized to analyze group differences over time.

a

Significant difference between baseline/week 3 and baseline/1 year.

b

Significant difference between baseline and 1 year.

c

Significant difference between week 3 and 1 year.

d

Significant difference between baseline and week 3.

∧

Lower scores are better.

‡

Significant interaction. WL, Wilk's Lambda; ES, Effect size as partial Eta2 where 0.10 = small effect, 0.25 = moderate effect, and 0.40 = large.

***

< 0.001.