Expression of the human AR transgene induces cell proliferative advantage in prostate tissues. Normal prostatic tissues (A, D, and G) or tissues containing mPIN (B, E, and H) or adenocarcinomas (C, F, and I) were isolated from the AR conditional transgenic mice or controls and assessed for cell proliferation. All of the tissues were stained with a Ki67 antibody, and the proliferation indexes for the above tissues were measured in total 1,000 epithelial cells counted from five high power fields. The experiments were repeated three times, and three different slides prepared independently from three mice in each genotypy were analyzed. Representative data show the number of Ki67-positive cells in graphs (J). * or ** indicates samples showing a significant difference, p < 0.05 or p < 0.01, respectively.