FIGURE 4.
CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis. A, dose-dependent migration of THP-1 cells toward a ubiquitin (●) and SDF-1α (■) gradient; n = 7. *, p < 0.05 versus cells in the presence of PBS in the lower compartment. B, migration of THP-1 cells in the presence or absence of ubiquitin, SDF-1α, or AMD3100 (AMD, 10 μm) in the upper (top) and lower (bottom) compartment, as indicated in the graph (n = 4). Ubiquitin and SDF-1α were used at concentrations (two experiments with 1 nm, two experiments with 10 nm) that showed maximal chemotactic activity, as determined in A. *, p < 0.05 versus cells in the presence of PBS in the upper and lower compartment. #, p < 0.05 versus cells in the presence of PBS in the upper compartment and ubiquitin in the lower compartment. ‡, p < 0.05 versus cells in the presence of PBS in the upper compartment and SDF-1α in the lower compartment.