Table 2.
The transgenerational tobacco smoke pollution exposure (%)
| Period | Tobacco smoke exposure | Cases | Controls | OR cases/controls |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Germinal Cells. Grandmother’s pregnancies | Any smoker in the house (maternal grandparents) | 88 (73.3) | 78 (67.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) |
| Maternal grandmother smoker | 22 (19) | 12 (9.6) | 1.9 (1.1–3.8) | |
| Any smoker in the house (paternal grandparents) | 99 (82.5) | 85 (72.6) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | |
| Paternal grandmother smoker | 12 (10.2) | 11 (8.7) | 1.1(0.5–2.5) | |
| Germinal cells. 6 months before conception | Mother smoker | 56 (45.5) | 50 (39.1) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) |
| Father smoker | 60 (49.6) | 55 (43) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | |
| Any smoker | 79 (64.8) | 74 (57.8) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | |
| Pregnancy | Mother smoker | 53 (43.1) | 49 (38.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) |
| Father smoker | 59 (49.2) | 54 (42.2) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | |
| Intrauterine smoker† | 87 (71.3) | 72 (56.3) | 1.2 (1.1–1.5) | |
| Post-natal (at diagnosis) | Mother | 46 (37.4) | 45 (35.2) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) |
| Father | 58 (48.3) | 53 (41.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | |
| Any smoker at home | 74 (60.7) | 71 (55.5) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | |
| Smokers at the time of interview | Mother | 42 (34.1) | 49 (38.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) |
| Father | 50 (41.7) | 52 (40.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | |
| Any smoker at home | 63 (51.6) | 70 (54.7) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
†
Exposure during pregnancy includes maternal smoking and second-hand smoking exposure.