Wild-type mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages reflect the cytokine pattern produced by THP-1 cells, whereas IRF3−/− macrophages down-regulate only TNF-α production after repeated challenge with either E. coli LPS (E.c) or P. gingivalis (P.g) LPS. Wild-type (a) and IRF3 knock-out (b) bone marrow-derived macrophages (5 × 105 cells/ml) were pretreated with medium alone, 100 ng/ml E. coli LPS, or 100 ng/ml P. gingivalis LPS for 24 h and re-treated with the same agonists for 4 h. Mouse MIP-2, KC, and TNF-α were measured in the cells supernatants by ELISA. Values represent the mean ± S.E. of n = 3.