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TGF-β1-induced SMC differentiation in HCASM. HCASM were treated with TGF-β1 (1 ng/ml) or vehicle for 24 h, and the indicated SMC markers were analyzed by qPCR (A), Western blotting (B), and immunofluorescence microscopy (C). Relative mRNA levels in A reflect -fold changes relative to the vehicle control, arbitrarily set to 1. Data are representative of four independent experiments. Error bars, S.D.
