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Cardiac functions by echocardiography. 1: Left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, diastolic anterior wall thickness (DAWT), and diastolic posterior wall thickness (DPWT); 2: LV ejection fraction; 3: LV end diastolic volume (EDV) and end systolic volume (ESV); 4: LV fraction of shortening. EF, ejection fraction; 2D, two dimensional. Means ± SE. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with control. ∧∧P < 0.01 compared with Ab-4m.
