Table 3.
Demographic characteristics of patients with culture isolation ofClostridium difficile ribotype 002 and non-ribotype 002 in Hong Kong
| Clostridiumdifficile ribotype002(n = 29) | Clostridiumdifficile ribotypeother than 002b(n = 56) | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | 68.1 ± 25.5 | 58.3 ± 26.2 | 0.97 | |||
| Sex (M/F) | 20/9 | 33/23 | 0.37 | |||
| Residence in elderly home | 11 (37.9%) | 7 (12.5%) | 0.01a | |||
| Patients with | ||||||
| Malignancy | 12 (41.4%) | 20 (35.7%) | 0.61 | |||
| Organ transplant | 2 (6.9%) | 5 (8.9%) | 1.0 | |||
| Cardiopulmonary condition | 9 (31.0%) | 10 (17.9%) | 0.18 | |||
| Renal failure | 5 (17.2%) | 7 (12.5%) | 0.55 | |||
| Cerebrovascular accident | 5 (17.2%) | 6 (10.7%) | 0.40 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (13.8%) | 9 (16.1%) | 0.78 | |||
| Patients with | ||||||
| Asymptomatic colonization | 12 (41.4%) | 26 (46.4%) | 0.66 | |||
| Severe CDADc | 7/17 (41.2%) | 13/30 (43.3%) | 0.90 | |||
| Number of hospitalizations in the past year, median (interquartile range) | 6 (4–12) | 5.5 (2–12.75) | 0.52 | |||
| Number of patients with isolation oftoxigenic C. difficile in the past year | 3 (10.3%) | 8 (14.3%) | 0.74 | |||
| Antibiotic therapy in the week preceding the cultureof C. difficile | 21 (72.4%) | 34 (60.7%) | 0. 29 | |||
| Days of antibioticsd received by patientsin the past 3 months (mean ± SD) | ||||||
| β-lactams | 23.7 ± 17.9 | 16.2 ± 14.6 | 0.04 | |||
| Fluoroquinolones | 2.6 ± 5.1 | 5.6 ± 10.0 | 0.14 | |||
| Clindamycin | 0 | 0.2 ± 1.2 | 0.35 | |||
| Number of patients using proton pumpinhibitors | ||||||
| Within 90 days | 14 (48.3%) | 19 (33.9%) | 0.24 | |||
| 91–180 days | 8 (27.6%) | 12 (21.4%) | 0.59 | |||
| 181–365 days | 5 (17.2%) | 10 (17.9%) | 1 | |||
| Mean (range) days betweenthe identification of C. difficile andadmission | 35.2 (1–376) | 31.4 (0–416) | 0.99 | |||
| 30-day survival after the identification of C.difficile and admission | 3 (10.3%) | 6 (10.7%) | 0.96 | |||
aOdds ratio 1.89; 95% confidence interval 1.04–3.42
bPatients with Clostridium difficileribotype 001 (n = 1), 012 (n = 6), 014 (n = 3), 017 (n = 2), og39 (n = 8), and unrecognized ribotype(n = 36) were randomly selected as the control
cSevere CDAD (C. difficile-associated diarrhea) isdefined according to the disease score, as previously described [53]
dPenicillin group includedampicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanate, ampicillin–sulbactam, ticarcillin–clavulanate, piperacillin, andpiperacillin–tazobactam; cephalosporin group included cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime,ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, cefoperazone–sulbactam, cefepime; carbapenemgroup included imipenem–cilastatin, meropenem, and ertapenem; fluoroquinolones includedciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin