Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1981 Mar;78(3):1401–1405. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.3.1401

Biological activity of the spleen focus-forming virus is encoded by a molecularly cloned subgenomic fragment of spleen focus-forming virus DNA.

D L Linemeyer, S K Ruscetti, E M Scolnick, L H Evans, P H Duesberg
PMCID: PMC319138  PMID: 6262795

Abstract

A biologically active subgenomic DNA fragment of a polycythemia-inducing strain of the replication-defective spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) has been molecularly cloned. The SFFV DNA fragment includes 2.0 kilobase pairs (kbp) from the 3' end of SFFV, the long terminal repeat sequences of SFFV, and 0.4 kbp from the 5' end of SFFV. The fragment contains the previously described env-related gene of SFFV. All the properties associated with SFFV can be assigned to this SFFV DNA fragment by using a two-stage DNA transfection assay with infectious helper virus DNA. The virus recovered from the transfection assays can induce erythroblastosis, splenic foci, and polycythemia in infected mice. Fibroblast cultures transfected with the SFFV DNA fragment synthesize gp52, the known intracellular product of the env-related gene of SFFV. gp52 can also be detected in spleens from diseased mice infected with the virus recovered in the two-stage transfection. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the env-related gene sequences of SFFV and their product gp52 are required for the initiation of SFFV-induced disease.

Full text

PDF
1401

Images in this article

1403Image
on p.1403
1403Image
on p.1403
1404Image
on p.1404

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bister K., Duesberg P. H. Genetic structure of avian acute leukemia viruses. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 2):801–822. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.086. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bister K., Duesberg P. H. Structure and specific sequences of avian erythroblastosis virus RNA: evidence for multiple classes of transforming genes among avian tumor viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Oct;76(10):5023–5027. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.10.5023. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chang E. H., Maryak J. M., Wei C. M., Shih T. Y., Shober R., Cheung H. L., Ellis R. W., Hager G. L., Scolnick E. M., Lowy D. R. Functional organization of the Harvey murine sarcoma virus genome. J Virol. 1980 Jul;35(1):76–92. doi: 10.1128/jvi.35.1.76-92.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Clewell D. B. Nature of Col E 1 plasmid replication in Escherichia coli in the presence of the chloramphenicol. J Bacteriol. 1972 May;110(2):667–676. doi: 10.1128/jb.110.2.667-676.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cohen S. N., Chang A. C., Hsu L. Nonchromosomal antibiotic resistance in bacteria: genetic transformation of Escherichia coli by R-factor DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Aug;69(8):2110–2114. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.8.2110. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dresler S., Ruta M., Murray M. J., Kabat D. Glycoprotein encoded by the Friend spleen focus-forming virus. J Virol. 1979 May;30(2):564–575. doi: 10.1128/jvi.30.2.564-575.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Duesberg P. H. Transforming genes of retroviruses. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 1):13–29. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Evans L. H., Duesberg P. H., Troxler D. H., Scolnick E. M. Spleen focus-forming Friend virus: identification of genomic RNA and its relationship to helper virus RNA. J Virol. 1979 Jul;31(1):133–146. doi: 10.1128/jvi.31.1.133-146.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Evans L., Nunn M., Duesberg P. H., Troxler D., Scolnick E. RNAs of defective and nondefective components of Friend anemia and polycythemia virus strains identified and compared. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 2):823–835. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.087. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P. Naturally occurring murine leukemia viruses in wild mice: characterization of a new "amphotropic" class. J Virol. 1976 Jul;19(1):19–25. doi: 10.1128/jvi.19.1.19-25.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hartley J. W., Wolford N. K., Old L. J., Rowe W. P. A new class of murine leukemia virus associated with development of spontaneous lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):789–792. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.789. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hayman M. J., Royer-Pokora B., Graf T. Defectiveness of avian erythroblastosis virus: synthesis of a 75K gag-related protein. Virology. 1979 Jan 15;92(1):31–45. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90212-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lilly F., Steeves R. A. B-tropic Friend virus: a host-range pseudotype of spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV). Virology. 1973 Oct;55(2):363–370. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90176-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Linemeyer D. L., Ruscetti S. K., Menke J. G., Scolnick E. M. Recovery of biologically active spleen focus-forming virus from molecularly cloned spleen focus-forming virus-pBR322 circular DNA by cotransfection with infectious type C retroviral DNA. J Virol. 1980 Sep;35(3):710–721. doi: 10.1128/jvi.35.3.710-721.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. McCoy J. L., Fefer A., McCoy N. T., Kirsten W. H. Immunobiological studies of tumors induced by murine sarcoma virus (Kirsten). Cancer Res. 1972 Feb;32(2):343–349. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Oliff A. I., Hager G. L., Chang E. H., Scolnick E. M., Chan H. W., Lowy D. R. Transfection of molecularly cloned Friend murine leukemia virus DNA yields a highly leukemogenic helper-independent type C virus. J Virol. 1980 Jan;33(1):475–486. doi: 10.1128/jvi.33.1.475-486.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Ostertag W., Vehmeyer K., Fagg B., Pragnell I. B., Paetz W., Le Bousse M. C., Smadja-Joffe F., Klein B., Jasmin C., Eisen H. Myeloproliferative virus, a cloned murine sarcoma virus with spleen focus-forming properties in adult mice. J Virol. 1980 Feb;33(2):573–582. doi: 10.1128/jvi.33.2.573-582.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Raschke W. C., Ralph P., Watson J., Sklar M., Coon H. Oncogenic transformation of murine lymphoid cells by in vitro infection with Abelson leukemia virus. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1975 May;54(5):1249–1253. doi: 10.1093/jnci/54.5.1249. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rommelaere J., Faller D. V., Hopkins N. Characterization and mapping of RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides derived from the genomes of Akv and MCF murine leukemia viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jan;75(1):495–499. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.1.495. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Ruscetti S. K., Linemeyer D., Feild J., Troxler D., Scolnick E. M. Characterization of a protein found in cells infected with the spleen focus-forming virus that shares immunological cross-reactivity with the gp70 found in mink cell focus-inducing virus particles. J Virol. 1979 Jun;30(3):787–798. doi: 10.1128/jvi.30.3.787-798.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ruscetti S., Linemeyer D., Field J., Troxler D., Scolnick E. Type-specific radioimmunoassays for the gp70s of mink cell focus-inducing murine leukemia viruses: expression of a cross-reacting antigen in cells infected with the Friend strain of the spleen focus-forming virus. J Exp Med. 1978 Sep 1;148(3):654–663. doi: 10.1084/jem.148.3.654. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Ruscetti S., Troxler D., Linemeyer D., Scolnick E. Three laboratory strains of spleen focus-forming virus: comparison of their genomes and translational products. J Virol. 1980 Jan;33(1):140–151. doi: 10.1128/jvi.33.1.140-151.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Sabran J. L., Hsu T. W., Yeater C., Kaji A., Mason W. S., Taylor J. M. Analysis of integrated avian RNA tumor virus DNA in transformed chicken, duck and quail fibroblasts. J Virol. 1979 Jan;29(1):170–178. doi: 10.1128/jvi.29.1.170-178.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Scher C. D., Scolnick E. M., Siegler R. Induction of erythroid leukaemia by Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma viruses. Nature. 1975 Jul 17;256(5514):225–226. doi: 10.1038/256225a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Shih T. Y., Weeks M. O., Troxler D. H., Coffin J. M., Scolnick E. M. Mapping host range-specific oligonucleotides within genomes of the ecotropic and mink cell focus-inducing strains of Moloney murine leukemia virus. J Virol. 1978 Apr;26(1):71–83. doi: 10.1128/jvi.26.1.71-83.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Shih T. Y., Weeks M. O., Young H. A., Scolnick E. M. p21 of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus is thermolabile in a viral mutant temperature sensitive for the maintenance of transformation. J Virol. 1979 Aug;31(2):546–546. doi: 10.1128/jvi.31.2.546-546.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Steeves R. A. Editorial: Spleen focus-forming virus in Friend and Rauscher leukemia virus preparations. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1975 Feb;54(2):289–297. doi: 10.1093/jnci/54.2.289. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Stephenson J. R., Aaronson S. A. Antigenic properties of murine sarcoma virus-transformed BALB-3T3 nonproducer cells. J Exp Med. 1972 Mar 1;135(3):503–515. doi: 10.1084/jem.135.3.503. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Troxler D. H., Boyars J. K., Parks W. P., Scolnick E. M. Friend strain of spleen focus-forming virus: a recombinant between mouse type C ecotropic viral sequences and sequences related to xenotropic virus. J Virol. 1977 May;22(2):361–372. doi: 10.1128/jvi.22.2.361-372.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Troxler D. H., Lowy D., Howk R., Young H., Scolnick E. M. Friend strain of spleen focus-forming virus is a recombinant between ecotropic murine type C virus and the env gene region of xenotropic type C virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4671–4675. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.10.4671. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Troxler D. H., Scolnick E. M. Rapid leukemia induced by cloned friend strain of replicating murine type-C virus. Association with induction of xenotropic-related RNA sequences contained in spleen focus-forming virus. Virology. 1978 Mar;85(1):17–27. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90408-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Tsichlis P. N., Coffin J. M. Role of the C region in relative growth rates of endogenous and exogenous avian oncoviruses. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 2):1123–1132. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.121. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES