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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2011 Jul 12;73(7):1088–1096. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.011

Table 2.

Multivariate associations (odds ratios) between childhood SES and the onset of DSM-IV/CIDI disordersa,b

Any Disorder Mood Anxiety Substance Behavior
OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)
I. Without CA controlsb
Parent occupation
 Never worked/Elementary 0.9(0.8–1.2) 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 1.0 (0.8–1.4) 0.7 (0.5–1.1) 1.0 (0.7–1.6)
 Low-average prestige 1.1(0.9–1.2) 1.0 (0.9–1.2) 1.1 (1.0–1.3) 1.0 (0.8–1.3) 1.1 (0.8–1.5)
 High-average prestige 0.9(0.8–1.1) 0.8 (0.6–1.0) 0.9 (0.7–1.1) 1.0 (0.7–1.4) 1.0 (0.7–1.4)
 High prestige - - - - -
  χ 23 4.6 5.3 5.3 3.2 0.4
Parent Education
 0–11 years 1.0(0.8–1.2) 0.9 (0.7–1.1) 1.0 (0.8–1.2) 0.9 (0.7–1.3 1.2 (0.8–1.8)
 12 years 1.0(0.9–1.2) 0.9 (0.8–1.1) 1.0 (0.8–1.2) 1.1 (0.8–1.4) 1.1 (0.8–1.5)
 13–15 years 1.0(0.9–1.2) 0.9 (0.7–1.1) 1.1 (0.9–1.3) 1.0 (0.7–1.4) 1.2 (0.9–1.7)
 16+ years - - - - -
  χ23 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.4 2.2
Financial Hardship
 Yes 1.9*(1.6-2.3) 1.7* (1.4–2.1) 1.9* (1.5–2.3) 2.1* (1.6–2.6) 2.1* (1.6–2.8)
  χ21 42.4* 22.4* 35.1* 33.5* 23.3*
II. With CA controlsc
 Parent occupation
 Never worked/Elementary 0.9(0.7–1.1) 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 1.0 (0.8–1.3) 0.7 (0.5–1.0) 0.9 (0.6–1.3)
 Low-average prestige 1.0(0.8–1.1) 0.9 (0.8–1.1) 1.0 (0.9–1.2) 0.9 (0.7–1.1) 1.0 (0.7–1.4)
 High-average prestige 0.8(0.7–1.0) 0.8 (0.6–0.9) 0.8 (0.7–1.0) 1.0 (0.7–1.3) 1.0 (0.7–1.3)
 High prestige - - - - -
  χ23 4.2 7.4 5.3 3.3 0.3
Parent Education
 0–11 years 1.0(0.8–1.2) 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 1.0 (0.8–1.2) 1.0 (0.7–1.3) 1.1 (0.8–1.6)
 12 years 1.0(0.9–.2) 0.9 (0.8–1.1) 1.0 (0.9–1.2) 1.1 (0.8–1.4) 1.1 (0.8–1.4)
 13–15 years 1.0(0.9–1.2) 0.9 (0.7–1.1) 1.1 (0.9–1.2) 1.0 (0.8–1.3) 1.2 (0.9–1.7)
 16+ years - - - - -
  χ3 0.4 1.8 0.9 0.9 1.8
Financial Hardship
 Yes 1.2(1.0–1.4) 1.2 (0.9–1.4) 1.2 (1.0–1.6) 1.2 (0.9–1.5) 1.2 (0.9–1.6)
  χ21 2.5 1.8 3.3 0.9 1.0
   (n1/n2) d (4,780/344,299) (4,780/96,537) (4,780/130,781) (4,780/76,671) (4,780/28,646)
*

Significant at the 0.05 level, two-tailed

a

Models were estimated in a discrete-time survival framework with childhood SES variable and controls used to predict the first onset of each outcome disorder. There were a total of 4,780 respondents with information on childhood SES included in the analysis and we considered a total of 20 outcome disorders.

b

Model included all childhood SES variables and controlled for person-year, age, sex, race, and the diagnostic categories included in the pooled data file.

c

Model included covariates for the 11 CAs. See Methods Section for details.

d

n1=the number of respondents included in the analysis; n2=the number of person-years included in the analysis.