Table 3.

Overview of studies providing spatial and temporal evidence about brain activation in picture naming.

Study				Salmelin	Levelt	Maess	Sörös	Vihla	Hultén	Schuhmann	Acheson	Median
Year				1994	1998	2002	2003	2006	2009	2009	In press
Method				MEG	MEG	MEG PCA	MEG	MEG peak	MEG peak	TMS	TMS
Frontal	R	Posterior	GFi	400–600				400	730			500
		Motor	VentGPrc	400–600			400–800	400	730			550
			SMA	400–600
	L	Posterior	GFi	400–600			200–800	400	600	300–350		500
		Motor	VentGPrc	400–600			400–800	400	600			600
			SMA	400–600
Temporal	R	Mid	GTs	300–600
		Posterior	GTs				200–400
			GTm	200–400
	L	Anterior	GTs				400–800
		Mid	GTs	200–400	275–400		400–800	371				371
			GTm			150–225		371			0–200	190
		Posterior	GTs		275–400		200–400		420			320
			GTm	200–400					420			360
			GTi						420
Parietal	R	Sensory	VentGPoc		400–600
		Posterior	Lpi				200–400	280	300			300
			Gsm		150–275		200–400	280	300			280
			Ga	200–400			200–400					300
	L	Sensory	VentGPoc		400–600
		Posterior	LPi				200–400	280	300			300
			Gsm				200–400	280	300			300
			Ga	200–400			200–400					300
Occipital	R			0–200	0–275		0–400	117	100			117
	L				0–275		0–800	117	100			126

For MEG studies, locations and time windows or peak activation times of MEG sources or a spatiotemporal principal component (Maess et al., 2002) are given, for TMS studies the stimulation area and the effective stimulation interval. The Median is calculated from the centers of time windows and the peak activation times. The abbreviations of gyri follow Talairach and Tournoux (1988) except for SMA, supplementary motor area. Ga, angular gyrus; GFi, inferior frontal gyrus; GPoC, postcentral gyrus; GPrC, precentral gyrus; Gsm, supramarginal gyrus; GTs, GTm, superior and middle temporal gyrus; LPi, inferior parietal lobule.