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. 2011 Sep 12;1(2):e000184. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000184

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© 2011, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode.

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Typical time courses of R5 and X5 in (A) a healthy subject (male, 64 years, percentage forced expiratory volume in 1 s=102.9%) and (B) a patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (male, 70 years, percentage forced expiratory volume in 1 s=22.7%) shown with spontaneous airflow. Averaged data among each fraction in the same case are shown in (C) (healthy) and (D) (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Data are expressed as raw data and mean±SD.