IL-12 and OX40L expression levels of DCs are dependent on sialic acid linkage of LOS. (A and C) To analyze mRNA expression levels, DCs were incubated with 100 ng/ml LPS, GB11, the Cst-II mutant, or GB16 for 6 h. Cells were lysed, and the expression of the Th1-related cytokine IL-12p40 (A) or the Th2-related molecule OX40L (C) were analyzed by real-time PCR. *, P < 0.05. (B and D) To measure IL-12p70 and OX40L expression at the protein level, DCs were incubated for 24 h with LPS, GB11, the Cst-II mutant, or GB16. (B) The secretion of Th1-related cytokine IL-12p70 was analyzed by ELISA. *, P < 0.05. (D) The expression of the Th2-related molecule OX40L on DCs was analyzed by flow cytometry (n = 4).