TABLE 1.

Summary of statistical analyses to the impedance measures at 5 frequencies.

		50 kHz	100 kHz	200 kHz	300 kHz	500 kHz
R at 0° (Ω)	Early, Late	69.4 ± 5.65,63.0 ± 6.65	60.9 ± 5.06, 59.0 ± 4.66	50.0 ± 3.93, 53.7 ± 3.24	46.1 ± 3.87, 49.9 ± 2.81	43.5 ± 4.05, 48.4 ± 2.19
	p Value	0.574	0.721	0.234	0.328	0.130
R at 90° (Ω)	Early, Late	64.2 ± 5.36, 55.9 ± 5.14	52.4 ± 4.25, 47.1 ± 4.90	43.0 ± 3.03, 38.1 ± 4.68	36.3 ± 1.87, 34.5 ± 4.22	32.2 ± 1.58, 31.2 ± 4.14
	p Value	0.574	0.574	0.645	1.000	1.000
X at 0° (Ω)	Early, Late	20.5 ± 1.73, 11.2 ± 2.54	17.8 ± 1.17, 10.9 ± 2.48	16.1 ± 1.69, 10.2 ± 2.21	13.3 ± 1.54, 8.8 ± 1.92	11.1 ± 1.55, 7.9 ± 1.66
	p Value	0.021	0.038	0.161	0.161	0.234
X at 90° (Ω)	Early, Late	20.3 ± 2.16, 16.1 ± 2.31	20.5 ± 2.41, 16.4 ± 2.08	17.7 ± 2.25, 14.3 ± 1.60	15.2 ± 2.18, 12.1 ± 1.42	11.9 ± 1.93, 9.9 ± 1.50
	p Value	0.279	0.195	0.382	0.505	0.505
θ at 0°(°)	Early, Late	16.6 ± 1.03, 9.2 ± 1.49	17.4 ± 0.88, 9.5 ± 1.78	18.0 ± 1.53, 10.1 ± 1.86	16.3 ± 1.72, 9.5 ± 1.76	14.7 ± 2.01, 8.8 ± 1.53
	p Value	0.001	0.001	0.005	0.021	0.050
θ at 90° (°)	Early, Late	17.4 ± 0.87, 16.1 ± 1.95	21.1 ± 1.18, 19.8 ± 2.66	21.8 ± 1.53, 21.8 ± 3.15	22.1 ± 2.05, 20.4 ± 2.85	19.7 ± 2.41, 18.3 ± 2.36
	p Value	0.161	0.234	0.645	0.382	0.721

p values < 0.05 are in bold. R, resistance; X, reactance; θ, phase.