Table 3.
Substrate and palmitate kinetics across the leg
| Basal
|
Clamp
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | T2DM | Control | T2DM | |
| Femoral arterial glucose (mmol/l) | 5.4±0.2 | 7.6±1.3b | 8.3±0.2a | 10.7±0.3a,b |
| Glucose uptake (μmol min−1 kg FFM−1) | 4.2±0.4 | 3.1±1.2 | 23.1±9.5a | 19.9±5.9a |
| Plasma insulin (pmol/l) | 33±7 | 63±12b | 243±24a | 143±30a |
| Plasma NEFA (μmol/l) | 475±63 | 708±32b | 1052±188a | 956±142 |
| Femoral arterial palmitate (nmol/ml) | 128±28 | 211±56b | 141±27 | 194±61b |
| Femoral venous palmitate (nmol/ml) | 133±14 | 219±24b | 136±10 | 196±27b |
| Blood flow (ml min−1 100 ml leg−1) | 3.2±0.5 | 4.5±0.5 | 4.2±1.0 | 4.6±0.7 |
| Palmitate delivery to leg | 237±59 | 583±10b | 349±88 | 495±64b |
| Palmitate fractional extraction (%) | 34±6 | 40±3 | 36±3 | 42±2 |
| Femoral arterial CO2 (μmol/ml) | 22±1 | 22±1 | 20±1a | 21±1 |
| Femoral venous CO2 (μmol/ml) | 24±1 | 25±1 | 22±1a | 22±2a |
| Palmitate uptake oxidised (%) | 21±7 | 15±5 | 6±3a | 1±0.3a |
| Palmitate oxidation | 12±2 | 34±14 | 5±2a | 2±1a |
| Palmitate non-oxidative disposal | 55±13 | 190±37b | 118±35c | 201±24b |
Palmitate kinetic rates are in nmol min−1 100 g leg FFM−1 unless indicated otherwise; values are mean±SEM
T2DM Type 2 diabetes mellitus, FFM fat-free mass
a
Significantly different from basal values (p<0.05)
b
Significantly different from controls (p<0.05)
c
p=0.08 compared with basal condition