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. 2011 Aug 17;157(2):831–841. doi: 10.1104/pp.111.181586

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

AY-WB effector SAP54 alters Arabidopsis flower development. A, Images of inflorescences of Col-0 (left) and 35S::SAP54 line 4 transgenic Arabidopsis (middle and right). Transgenic plants grown in SD (middle) and LD (right) photoperiods show indeterminate floral growth (flowers within flowers). Bar = 0.5 cm. B, Flowers from AY-WB-infected plants and 35S::SAP54 plants exhibit indeterminate flower phenotypes, leafy sepals, and green stamens. Two sepals, petals, and stamens were removed from the wild-type Col-0 flower (left) to show the carpel (ca). Arrowheads indicate shoots that emerge in lieu of carpels in flowers of AY-WB-infected plants (middle) and 35S::SAP54 transgenic line 4 (right). pe, Petals; se, sepals; st, stamens; tr, simple unbranched trichomes on sepals. Plants were grown in LD photoperiods. Bars = 0.1 cm. C, Close-up of green stamens and sepals with stellate trichomes (str), which are characteristic of leaves; sepals of wild-type Col-0 commonly have simple nonbranched trichomes (B, left). The arrowhead indicates stem in lieu of carpel. This plant was grown in a SD photoperiod. Bar = 0.1 cm. D, 35S::SAP54 plants have sepals (se) that remain attached to fruiting bodies, and siliques (si) are crinkled. Bar = 0.5 cm. E, Sepals attached to fruiting bodies of 35S::SAP54 line 1 flowers curl inward as opposed to those of 35S::SAP54 line 4, which curl outward. Furthermore, siliques (si) of 35S::SAP54 line 1 plants are less crinkled and stunted than those of line 4. Bars = 0.25 cm. F, AtSuc2::SAP54 plants that produce SAP54 in phloem tissue also show indeterminate leafy flowers. Stem is indicated with an arrowhead; fl, newly emerging flower bud from within the flower. Bar = 0.25 cm.