Table 2.
Clinical Features of the Study Populationa
| Middle income group (Asiad Colony, Tirumangalam) | Low income group (Bharathi Nagar, T. Nagar) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline study (n = 479) | Follow-up study (n = 526) | Baseline study (n = 783) | Follow-up study (n = 596) | |
| Age (years) | 48.7 ± 13.7 | 47.8 ± 14.6 | 39.3 ± 14.9 | 41.1 ± 13.8b |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 4.0 | 25.8 ± 4.6c | 21.5 ± 4.3 | 24.1 ± 4.6c |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||
| Male | 86.9 ± 9.3 | 86.2 ± 12.2c | 72.9 ± 10.4 | 81.5 ± 11.4c |
| Female | 82.0 ± 11.7 | 89.0 ± 9.6c | 74.7 ± 10.7 | 81.5 ± 12.1c |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | ||||
| Male | 0.93 ± 0.07 | 0.92 ± 0.07b | 0.86 ± 0.08 | 0.91 ± 0.07c |
| Female | 0.84 ± 0.09 | 0.86 ± 0.09c | 0.80 ± 0.08 | 0.86 ± 0.08c |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/liter) | 5.5 ± 2.7 | 6.1 ± 2.1c | 4.4 ± 1.9 | 5.8 ± 2.4c |
| 2-hour postglucose plasma glucose (mmol/liter) | 6.9 ± 3.1 | 6.6 ± 2.3 | 5.6 ± 2.9 | 6.3 ± 3.6c |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 126 ± 15 | 122 ± 20c | 120 ± 16 | 123 ± 20b |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 81 ± 10 | 74 ± 10c | 78 ± 10 | 75 ± 12c |
| Serum cholesterol (mmol/liter) | 4.9 ± 1.0 | 4.7 ± 0.9b | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 4.5 ± 0.9c |
| Serum triglycerides (mmol/liter)d | 1.38 (0.06) | 1.40 (0.05) | 1.14 (0.04) | 1.22 (0.03)b |
| Self-reported diabetes n (%) | 67 (8.0%) | 99 (11.5%) | 24 (2.9%) | 69 (9.4%)c |
| Self-reported hypertension n (%) | 71 (7.9%) | 104 (13.5%)b | 33 (3.9%) | 43 (5.9%) |
| Self-reported myocardial infarction n (%) | 9 (0.9%) | 20 (1.8%) | 5 (0.7%) | 11 (1.6%) |
| Smoking | ||||
| Exsmokers n (%) | 17 (3.5%) | 29 (5.5%) | 21 (2.7%) | 34 (5.7%)b |
| Current smokers n (%) | 27 (5.6%) | 16 (3.0%)b | 140 (17.9%) | 75 (12.6%)b |
| Alcohol | ||||
| Regular n (%) | 23 (4.8%) | 21 (4.0%) | 108 (13.8%) | 113 (19.0%)b |
| Social n (%) | 54 (11.3%) | 27 (5.1 %)c | 117 (14.9%) | 21 (3.5%)c |
a
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
b
p < .05 compared to baseline visit.
c
p < .001 compared to baseline visit.
d
Log-transformed; values are presented as geometric mean (standard error).