Table 1.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Summary Measures after SC Injection of Regular Human Insulin (RHI), Insulin Lispro (LIS), and Ultra-Fast Insulin (UFI) in 18 Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Immediately Prior to a Standardized Mixed Meal (Mean ± SD)a
| Variables | RHI | LIS | UFI | p valuesb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic | ||||
| Baseline insulinemia (mU/liter) (only human insulin measured) | 19.0 ± 14.2 | 21.4 ± 16.3 | 19.4 ± 19.2 | RHI vs UFI .385 LIS vs UFI .080 RHI vs LIS .348 |
| Early tCmax (min) | 38.4 ± 19.5 | 25.4 ± 7.6 | 13.1 ± 5.2 | <.001 .001 <.001 |
| tCmax (min) | 131.7 ± 49.5 | 65.6 ± 34.5 | 28.4 ± 17.4 | <.001 .001 <.001 |
| Late tCmax (min) | 268.3 ± 54.3 | 147.5 ± 51.7 | 135.2 ± 45.7 | <.001 .391 <.001 |
| Cmax (μU/ml) | 32.8 ± 20.3 | 57.5 ± 20.9 | 55.5 ± 24.8 | .135 NA NA |
| AUC 0–180 (mU·min/liter) | 3854 ± 2551 | 5850 ± 2106 | 5627 ± 2322 | <.001 NA NA |
| AUC 0–300 (mU·min/liter) | 5905 ± 3274 | 6876 ± 2619 | 6749 ± 2740 | .068 NA NA |
| AUC 180–300 (mU·min/liter) | 2051 ± 1169 | 1026 ± 960 | 1123 ± 727 | .003 NA NA |
| Pharmacodynamic | ||||
| Baseline BG (mg/dl) | 124 ± 5 | 127 ± 6 | 123 ± 5 | RHI vs UFI .444 LIS vs UFI .046 RHI vs LIS .211 |
| Baseline GIR (mg·min/kg) | 1.1 ± 1.3 | 0.7 ± 1.1 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | .784 .507 .350 |
| tBGmax (min) | 83 ± 43 | 125 ± 146 | 181 ± 171 | .014 .153 .274 |
| Glucosemax (mg/dl) | 191 ± 46 | 178 ± 46 | 174 ± 44 | .262 .555 .090 |
| Glucosemax 0–180 (mg/dl) | 191 ± 46 | 170 ± 42 | 157 ± 30 | .002 .668 .008 |
| Glucosemax–min 0–180 (mg/dl) | 91 ± 33 | 89 ± 18 | 70 ± 17 | .007 .011 .858 |
| AUCGlucose 0–180 (g·min/dl) | 28.4 ± 7.6 | 22.4 ± 7.3 | 21.8 ± 5.8 | <.001 .681 <.001 |
| AUCGlucose 0–300 (g·min/dl) | 43.3 ± 13.0 | 36.8 ± 13.0 | 36.3 ± 10.3 | .057 .591 .016 |
| AUCGlucose 181–300 (g·min/dl) | 14.7 ± 5.7 | 14.2 ± 6.0 | 14.4 ± 5.1 | .989 .524 .524 |
| Amount glucose infused0–300 (g) | 28 ± 100 | 40 ± 58 | 24 ± 89 | .863 .470 .582 |
| Duration BG80–140 no GIR 0–180 (min) | 74 ± 60 | 81 ± 45 | 100 ± 58 | .131 .250 .711 |
| Duration BG80–140 no GIR 0–300 (min) | 137 ± 85 | 136 ± 91 | 167 ± 92 | .284 .266 .965 |
| Duration of glucose infusion to prevent hypoglycemia (hour) | 1.0 ± 1.2 | 0.8 ± 1.4 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | .076 .330 .411 |
a
BG, blood glucose; GIR, glucose infusion rate;
b
NA, not applicable; bold font, significant differences.