Table 2.
Relative risk of returning to work after stroke among all registered cases of stroke in the Swedish population between 1996 and 2000.
| Age-adjusteda | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variable | RRb (95% CI) |
RR (95% CI) |
RR (95% CI) |
RR (95% CI) |
| Education | p < 0.001c | p < 0.001 | p = 0.008 | |
| Compulsory | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| Upper secondary | 1.06† (0.99-1.14) |
1.08 (1.01-1.15) |
1.03 (0.96-1.10) |
|
| University |
1.34 (1.24-1.44) |
1.33 (1.23-1.43) |
1.13 (1.04-1.22) |
|
| Income | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | |
| 1st quartile (lowest) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| 2nd quartile |
1.39 (1.27-1.51) |
1.38 (1.27-1.67) |
1.38 (1.27-1.51) |
|
| 3rd quartile |
1.64 (1.51-1.79) |
1.64 (1.50-2.13) |
1.61 (1.47-1.76) |
|
| 4th quartile (highest) |
2.08 (1.92-2.26) |
2.02 (1.84-2.94) |
1.94 (1.77-2.12) |
|
| Women (ref = men, RR = 1) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.540 | p = 0.297 |
| Women |
0.84 (0.79-0.89) |
0.83 (0.78-0.88) |
0.98 (0.92-1.05) |
0.97 (0.91-1.03) |
| Stroke subtype | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Cerebral infarction | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Subarachnoid haemorrhage | 1.03 (0.95-1.11) |
1.28 (1.18-1.39) |
1.28 (1.18-1.54) |
1.27 (1.17-1.38) |
| Intracerebral haemorrhage |
0.77 (0.71-0.85) |
0.98 (0.89-1.08) |
0.98 (0.89-1.07) |
0.97 (0.88-1.07) |
| Stroke, not specified (I64) | 1.12† (0.99-1.27) |
1.06 (0.94-1.20) |
1.05 (0.93-1.23) |
1.06 (0.94-1.19) |
| Days of hospital care for strokec | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Linear (per 10 days) |
0.84 (0.81-0.85) |
0.82 (0.80-0.84) |
0.82 (0.80-0.79) |
0.82 (0.80-0.85) |
| Quadratic/100 days |
1.004 (1.001-1.006) |
1.004 (1.002-1.006) |
1.004 (1.002-1.006) |
1.004 (1.002-1.006) |
Results from discrete time hazard regressions (n = 7081).
Results from discrete time hazard regressions controlling for age and age-square. The reference category is marked "Ref". The P-value to the right of the variable name is for the whole variable, e.g. if the variable represents a significant contribution to the model. These estimations are based on Wald tests. Results in bold have p < 0.05.
Persons were excluded if they previously had had an ischemic heart disease, or TIA, or if they earned less than €6,600 in the year prior to the stroke.
a In the age-adjusted models, each of the variables are presented separately, one by one, but controlling for age and age-square.
† p < 0.10.
b RR = Relative Risk. A higher RR means higher probability of returning to work early. CI = Confidence Intervals.
c Linear and quadratic terms are entered simultaneously. P-values indicate the combined effect of linear and quadratic representation.