Table 1.
Summary of the 12 studies included for meta-analysis
| Study | Total Sample Size(n) | Adverse effects¥ | Mean Age | % Male | Trial Duration with 1 mg BID dose(Weeks) | Size of Trial group | Size of Control Group | Cochrane risk of bias assessment§ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | Q | R | S | T | U | Overall score | ||||||||
| Gonzales et al (2006)32 | 696 | A, B, C | 42.55 | 52.05 | 12 | 352 | 344 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6/6 |
| Jorenby et al(2006)29 | 685 | A, B, C | 43.45 | 56.65 | 12 | 344 | 341 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5/6 |
| Oncken et al(2006)27 | 259 | A, B, C | 41.1 | 50.2 | 12 | 130 | 129 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4/6 |
| Nides et al(2006)25 | 248 | A, B | 41.7 | 51.2 | 6 | 125 | 123 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4/6 |
| Nakamura et al(2007)30 | 310 | A, B | 40 | 77.6 | 12 | 156 | 154 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6/6 |
| Tsai et al(2007)28 | 250 | A, B | 40.3 | 88.8 | 12 | 126 | 124 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4/6 |
| Williams et al(2007)26 | 377 | A, B, C | 47.7 | 48.6 | 52 | 251 | 126 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4/6 |
| Niaura et al(2008)34 | 312 | A | 41.8 | 51.9 | 12 | 157 | 155 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5/6 |
| Wang et al(2009)33 | 333 | A | 38.7 | 96.7 | 12 | 165 | 168 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4/6 |
| Rigotti et al(2010)31 | 714 | A, B | 56.45 | 78.7 | 12 | 355 | 359 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5/6 |
| Fagerstrom et al(2010)8 | 431 | A | 43.9 | 89.3 | 12 | 213 | 218 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6/6 |
| Tashkin et al(2010)24 | 499 | A, C | 57.2 | 62.3 | 12 | 248 | 251 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4/6 |
¥A = Nausea, B = Constipation, C-Flatulence
#Denote use of 1-week low-dose titration treatment
§Cochrane risk of bias assessment: P = Allocation sequence adequately generated?; Q = Allocation adequately concealed?; R = Knowledge of allocated intervention adequately concealed?; S = incomplete outcome data adequately addressed?; T = Reports free of selective outcome reporting?; U = study free of other factors leading to high risk of bias?; 1 = item positive; 0 = negative or unknown.