Table 2.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) giving birth to singleton pregnancies (1 195 123 total births) in Sweden, 1995 to 2007
| Pregnancy outcomes | No of births (rate %) | Standardised absolute risk difference* (%) in women with PCOS | Crude odds ratio† (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio† (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women with PCOS (n=3787) | Women without PCOS (n=1 191 336) | |||||
| Gestational diabetes: | ||||||
| Yes | 125 (3.30) | 10 672 (0.90) | 1.85 | 3.78 (3.16 to 4.52) | 2.32 (1.88 to 2.88) | <0.001 |
| No | 3662 (96.70) | 1 180 664 (99.10) | — | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Pre-eclampsia: | ||||||
| Yes | 221 (5.84) | 35 129 (2.95) | 1.74 | 2.04 (1.78 to 2.34) | 1.45 (1.24 to1.69) | <0.001 |
| No | 3566 (94.16) | 1 156 207 (97.05) | — | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Antepartum bleeding or placental complications: | ||||||
| Yes | 59 (1.56) | 14 490 (1.22) | — | 1.29 (0.99 to 1.66) | 1.14 (0.85 to 1.53) | 0.37 |
| No | 3728 (98.44) | 1 176 846 (98.78) | — | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Caesarean section‡: | ||||||
| Yes | 846 (22.44) | 174 298 (14.68) | 2.75 | 1.69 (1.56 to 1.82) | 1.18 (1.07 to 1.29) | 0.001 |
| No | 2924 (77.56) | 1 013 112 (85.32) | — | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Data missing | 0 | 30 | — | — | — | |
| Very preterm birth (<31+6 weeks)‡: | ||||||
| Yes | 65 (1.73) | 7999 (0.67) | 0.94 | 2.59 (2.02 to 3.31) | 2.21 (1.69 to 2.90) | <0.001 |
| No | 3701 (98.27) | 1 178 296 (99.33) | — | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Data missing | 4 | 1145 | — | — | — | |
| Moderately preterm birth (32+0 to 36+6 weeks)‡§: | ||||||
| Yes | 226 (6.11) | 50 352 (4.27) | 1.38 | 1.46 (1.28 to 1.67) | 1.31 (1.13 to 1.53) | 0.0004 |
| No | 3475 (93.89) | 1 127 944 (95.73) | — | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Data missing | 4 | 1145 | — | — | — | |
| Post-term birth (>42+0 weeks)‡: | ||||||
| Yes | 252 (6.69) | 86 771 (7.31) | −1.39 | 0.91 (0.80 to 1.03) | 0.82 (0.71 to 0.95) | 0.0069 |
| No | 3514 (93.31) | 1 099 524 (92.69) | — | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Data missing | 4 | 1145 | — | — | — | |
*Estimated for significantly associated outcomes.
†Adjusted for maternal age, parity, body mass index, years of education, cigarette consumption, assisted reproductive technology, and year of delivery.
‡Live births only.
§Risk compared with deliveries at 37 weeks and later.