Table 2. Comparison of protein abundance difference in synapse enriched fraction from hippocampus in valproate treated vs control rats.
Proteins that are significantly altered following chronic valproate treatment. 41 proteins were identified that were significantly altered following chronic valproate treatment. Criteria for significance were a p value cutoff of > 0.9, effect size of > ± 0.8, and log2-fold change of ± 0.8. Bold font indicates proteins where expression is significantly affected by both mood stabilizers. Log2-fold changes greater than zero indicate increased expression in the treatment group, while values less than zero indicate decreases in expression. References are provided for proteins that have been previously implicated in relevant neurological and psychiatric diseases. Abbreviations are same as in Table 1.
| Protein | Log2 fold change |
p value |
Disease function | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHLB2_RAT | 3.0 | 0.97 | uncharacterized/novel | |
| MAP2_RAT | 2.6 | 1.00 | HD (Hodges et al. 2006)/BD | Reduced expression in hippocampus in individuals suffering with bipolar disorder(MacDonald et al. 2006) |
| AT2B1_RAT | 2.4 | 0.90 | HD(Luthi-Carter et al. 2000) | Calcium transport and homeostasis |
| PRDX1_RAT | 2.4 | 0.92 | AD(Cumming et al. 2007)/ BD (Wellcome, 2007) |
Redox regulation of cell. |
| HS12A_HUMAN | 2.0 | 1.00 | Schz | Expression is reduced in prefrontal cortex in patients suffering with schizophrenia(Pongrac et al. 2004) |
| NCDN_RAT | 1.9 | 0.97 | Epilepsy(Dateki et al. 2005) | Deletion results into epileptic seizures and may be negative regulator of CamKII(Dateki et al. 2005) |
| 1433T_RAT | 1.8 | 0.92 | Schz | Adapter protein |
| 1433F_RAT | 1.7 | 0.91 | Schz/BD | Adapter protein |
| 1433E_RAT | 1.5 | 0.93 | Schz/BD | Adapter protein |
| ADA23_MOUSE | 1.4 | 0.98 | Interacts with LGI1 and required for regulation of neurite growth(Owuor et al. 2009) |
|
| PSD3_MOUSE | 1.4 | 0.92 | Modulator/Guanine exchange factor for Arf6 | |
| CAPZB_RAT | 1.4 | 0.90 | Regulation of actin polymerization(Cooper & Schafer 2000) | |
| NSF_RAT | 1.3 | 0.96 | Schz(Hurko & Ryan 2005) | Regulated targeting of synaptic vesicles |
| CAZA1_RAT | 1.2 | 0.90 | Regulation of actin polymerization(Cooper & Schafer 2000) | |
| 1433Z_RAT | 1.2 | 0.94 | Schz | Adapter protein |
| DPYL2_RAT | 1.2 | 1.00 | BD/Schz/AD(Takata et al. 2009) | Implicated as common genetic marker between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder(Fallin et al. 2005) |
| RUFY3_RAT | 1.2 | 0.98 | Parkinson’s disease(Maraganore et al. 2005) |
Neuronal polarization(Mori et al. 2007) |
| PROF2_RAT | 1.2 | 0.94 | Schz(Hakak et al. 2001) | Actin polymerization(Pilo Boyl et al. 2007) |
| DYHC1_RAT | 1.2 | 0.97 | Motor protein | |
| NAC2_RAT | 1.1 | 0.99 | Calcium transport and homeostasis | |
| GRM2_RAT | 1.0 | 0.97 | Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 | |
| COF1_RAT | 1.0 | 0.97 | Cytoskeleton protein/ disassembly of actin filaments(Bellenchi et al. 2007) |
|
| RL18_RAT | 1.0 | 0.92 | Ribosomal protein | |
| VATB2_RAT | 1.0 | 1.00 | HD(Strand et al. 2005)/ Schz(Hakak et al. 2001) | ATP synthesis and upregulated in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients suffering with schizophrenia(Hakak et al. 2001) |
| MAP4_RAT | 0.9 | 0.97 | Parkinson’s disease(Fung et al. 2006) |
Microtubule associated protein |
| ANK3_HUMAN | 0.9 | 0.95 | BD |
Regulation of the assembly of voltage gated sodium channels |
| PHAR1_RAT | 0.9 | 0.93 | BD (Wellcome, 2007) | Protein phosphatase I and actin regulatory protein |
| SYT1_RAT | 0.8 | 0.99 | Schz(Hemby et al. 2002) | Calcium sensor for coordinated synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Expression is reduced in patients suffering with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy(Yang et al. 2006) |
| SNP25_RAT | 0.8 | 0.98 | BD/ Schz | Plays role in synaptic vesicle exocytosis and expression is found to be reduced in hippocampus of patients suffering with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder(Fatemi et al. 2001) |
| GBB1_RAT | 0.8 | 0.92 | HD(Abou-Sleymane et al. 2006)/ AD(Li et al. 2008) | Beta subunit of G-protein |
| GRM3_RAT | 0.8 | 0.96 | Schz | Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 |
| GEPH_HUMAN | 0.8 | 0.94 | Hypereplexia | GABAergic and glycinergic inhibitory synapse. Form tripartite complex with neurolign-2 and collybistin(Poulopoulos et al. 2009) |
| IQEC3_RAT | −1.2 | 0.91 | Modulator/guanine exchange factor for Arf1 | |
| IP3KA_RAT | −1.4 | 0.94 | Activity of the enzyme is regulated by Ca+2 and calmodulin and plays role in calcium homeostasis(Xia & Yang 2005) |
|
| EFTU_RAT | −1.5 | 0.97 | Protein translation | |
| UN13A_RAT | −1.7 | 0.97 | ALS(Schymick et al. 2007) | Synaptic vesicle priming |
| ODO2_RAT | −1.8 | 0.95 | Mitochondrial enzyme | |
| NLGN2_RAT | −2.0 | 0.91 | GABAergic and glycinergic inhibitory synapse. Form tripartite complex with neurolign-2 and collybistin(Poulopoulos et al. 2009) |
|
| COX41_RAT | −2.0 | 0.98 | Mitochondrial enzyme | |
| NOE1_RAT | −2.3 | 1.00 | Schz | Uncharacterized/novel. Physically interacts with DISC-1(Camargo et al. 2007) |
| MYO6_MOUSE | −5.3 | 0.91 | Regulate the clathrin mediate endocytosis of AMPA(Osterweil et al. 2005) receptors(Camargo et al. 2007) |