Table 3:
Crude and adjusted odds ratios for the association between use of nonaspirin NSAIDs during pregnancy and having a spontaneous abortion
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusted* | |
| No use of nonaspirin NSAIDs | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Use of nonaspirin NSAIDs | 3.06 (2.71–3.46) | 2.43 (2.12–2.79) |
| Patient characteristics | ||
| Age, yr | 1.04 (1.03–1.04) | 1.04 (1.03–1.04) |
| Urban residence | 1.07 (1.00–1.15) | 1.00 (0.92–1.08) |
| Receiving social assistance | 1.23 (1.16–1.31) | 1.06 (0.99–0.13) |
| Comorbidities during year before pregnancy | ||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.69 (1.32–2.15) | 1.25 (0.96–1.63) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1.22 (0.97–1.54) | 0.83 (0.64–1.07) |
| Asthma | 1.19 (1.10–1.28) | 1.03 (0.94–0.13) |
| Untreated thyroid disease | 1.40 (0.90–2.16) | 1.15 (0.72–1.84) |
| Depression and/or anxiety | 1.55 (1.37–1.75) | 1.25 (1.08–1.45) |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 2.00 (0.23–17.12) | 0.54 (0.06–5.01) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1.41 (0.70–2.83) | 1.12 (0.52–2.41) |
| Vsits to physicians during year before pregnancy, no. | ||
| 0–2 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3–5 | 1.12 (1.03–1.22) | 1.12 (1.03–1.23) |
| ≥ 6 | 1.34 (1.25–1.44) | 1.31 (1.20–1.44) |
| Different prescribers, no. | ||
| 0–2 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥ 3 | 1.21 (1.14–1.30) | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) |
| Visited an emergency department or admitted to hospital during year before pregnancy | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) | 0.88 (0.80–0.97) |
| Use of medications during year before pregnancy | ||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Nonaspirin NSAIDs | 1.23 (1.13–1.33) | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) |
| Antidepressant agents | 1.51 (1.35–1.70) | 0.98 (0.82–1.16) |
| Systemic anti-infective agents | 1.16 (1.09–1.23) | 1.07 (0.99–1.15) |
| Oral corticosteroids | 1.10 (0.90–1.35) | 0.85 (0.67–1.07) |
| Other | 1.18 (1.11–1.26) | 1.02 (0.94–1.11) |
| Obstetric complications | ||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Spontaneous abortions | 1.04 (0.81–1.32) | 0.90 (0.67–1.21) |
| Planned abortions | 1.25 (1.07–1.47) | 1.24 (1.03–1.51) |
| Prenatal visits before index date, no. | ||
| 0–2 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥ 3 | 0.13 (0.12–0.15) | 0.13 (0.12–0.14) |
| Visits to an obstetrician before index date, no. | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 1.19 (1.11–1.27) |
| Use of medications between conception and index dates | ||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Antidepressant agents | 2.01 (1.74–2.32) | 1.54 (1.25–1.88) |
| Systemic anti-infective agents | 1.12 (1.03–1.22) | 0.98 (0.90–1.08) |
| Oral corticosteroids | 2.14 (1.61–2.83) | 1.60 (1.16–2.19) |
| Antiemetic agents | 0.20 (0.17–0.23) | 0.22 (0.19–0.26) |
| Other | 1.74 (1.63–1.85) | 1.70 (1.59–1.83) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, OR = odds ratio.
*
Odds ratios were adjusted for confounders listed in Methods.