Table 1.
Behavioral characteristics, sexual practices, and symptoms of sexually transmitted infections at year one.
| Intervention group (n=231) | Control group (n=228) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 0.03 | ||
| 15–19 | 60 (26.0%) | 40 (17.5%) | |
| 20–24 | 70 (30.3%) | 57 (25.0%) | |
| 25–29 | 43 (18.6%) | 56 (24.6%) | |
| 30–49 | 58 (25.1%) | 75 (32.9%) | |
| Education | 0.09 | ||
| No education | 6 (2.6%) | 15 (6.6%) | |
| Primary | 146 (63.2%) | 152 (66.7%) | |
| Secondary | 64 (27.7%) | 48 (21.0%) | |
| Post-secondary | 15 (6.5%) | 13 (5.7%) | |
| Religion | 0.89 | ||
| Catholic | 159 (68.8%) | 155 (68.0%) | |
| Protestant | 57 (24.7%) | 54 (23.7%) | |
| Saved/Pentecostal/other | 13 (5.6%) | 17 (7.5%) | |
| Muslim | 2 (0.9%) | 2 (0.9%) | |
| Marital Status | 0.23 | ||
| Not married | 109 (47.1%) | 90 (39.5%) | |
| Monogamous | 107 (46.3%) | 123 (53.9%) | |
| Polygamous | 15 (6.5%) | 15 (6.6%) | |
| Number of sexual partners past 6 months | 0.12 | ||
| 0 | 49 (21.2%) | 32 (14.0%) | |
| 1 | 121 (52.4%) | 134 (58.8%) | |
| 2+ | 61 (26.4%) | 62 (27.2%) | |
| Condom use past 6 months* | 0.52 | ||
| None | 89 (38.5%) | 103 (45.2%) | |
| Inconsistent use | 54 (23.4%) | 60 (26.3%) | |
| Consistent condom use | 39 (16.9%) | 33 (14.5%) | |
| Alcohol use with sex* | 84 (36.4%) | 109 (47.8%) | 0.01 |
| Self-reported symptoms of STDs | |||
| Genital ulcer disease | 3 (1.3%) | 7 (3.1%) | 0.19 |
| Urethral discharge | 1 (0.4%) | 5 (2.2%) | 0.10 |
| Dysuria | 4 (1.7%) | 6 (2.6%) | 0.51 |
| Amplifiable sample | |||
| Coronal sulcus | 121 (52.4%) | 171 (75.0%) | <0.001 |
| Shaft | 116 (50.2%) | 130 (57.0%) | 0.25 |
| Crossovers** | 2 (0.9%) | 4 (1.8%) | 0.40 |
Data are n (%).
*
Condom use and alcohol use with sexual intercourse were only evaluated in sexually active individuals, although the percentages in these categories were calculated on the basis of the total number of subjects in each arm.
**
Crossovers are defined as individuals in the intervention arm who failed to accept surgery or individuals in the control arm who were circumcised outside of the trial.