Table 4.
Random-effects logistic regression models of the association between education and overweight (BMI≥25) over survey period
| Females | Males | |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | |
|
| ||
| <Primary School | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Primary School | 0.90 (0.54, 1.49) | 0.63 (0.29, 1.4) |
| Secondary School | 0.80 (0.40, 1.60) | 1.21 (0.50, 2.9) |
| >Secondary School | 0.78 (0.29, 2.12) | 1.77 (0.64, 4.8) |
| Time × Primary School | 1.01 (0.98, 1.05) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.1) |
| Time × Secondary School | 0.98 (0.94, 1.02) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.1) |
| Time × >Secondary School | 0.92 (0.87, 0.98) | 1.04 (0.97, 1.1) |
| Time | 1.17 (1.13, 1.20) | 1.39 (1.26, 1.5) |
| Mean Time | 0.90 (0.86, 0.94) | - |
| Time Squared | - | 0.99 (0.99, 0.99) |
| Birth Cohort (1= before 1955) | 0.21 (0.03, 1.58) | 0.99 (0.99, 1.0) |
| Birth Cohort × Time | - | 1.57 (0.83, 3.0) |
| Birth Cohort × Primary School | 1.18 (0.73, 1.92) | - |
| Birth Cohort × Seconday School | 1.65 (0.69, 3.99) | - |
| Birth Cohort × >Secondary School | 1.48 (0.57, 3.87) | - |
| Urbanicity1 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.0) |
| Mean Urbancity1,2 | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.0) |
| Birth Cohort × Urbanicity2 | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.0) |
| Birth Cohort × Mean Urbanicity1,2 | 1.05 (1.02, 1.07) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.1) |
| Person-specific Mean Age1,2 | 1.53 (1.29, 1.82) | 1.63 (1.46, 1.8) |
| Person-specific Mean Age Squared1,2 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.99, 1.0) |
| Birth Cohort × Mean Age1,2 | 1.41 (0.66, 3.03) | - |
| Birth Cohort × Mean Age Squared1,2 | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | - |
| Current Smoker | - - |
0.68 (0.56, 0.8) - |
| Intercept | 0.02 (0.01, 0.04) | 0.002 (0.0007, 0.005) |
|
| ||
| Number of Observations | 23,068 | 18,693 |
| N | 7,314 | 6,492 |
1
Variable means are the person-specific mean value for these variables over the survey period. The coefficient on the variable for the person-specific mean represents the difference between the between and within effects for each variable. These are included for time-varying variables for which the between and within coefficients were significantly different (24).
2
Urbanicity, mean urbanicity, mean age and mean age squared were mean centered before inclusion in the random-effects logistic regression.