Table 3.

Hallmarks of Cancer Induced by HCMV

Cancer Hallmark	HCMV function	Examples
Sustaining Proliferative Signaling	aUS28, viral infection	73-74
Evading Growth Suppressors	bpp71, cUL97, dIE1, IE2, US28	75-76
Avoiding Immune Destruction	UL16, UL18, UL40, UL111a, UL141, UL142, UL144, US2, US3, US6, US8, US10, US11, IE2, pp71, pp65, emiR-UL112-1	77-78
Enabling Replicative Immortality	IE1, viral infection	79
Tumor Promoting Inflammation	US28, viral infection	73, 80
Activating Invasion and Metastasis	US28, viral infection	81-82
Inducing Angiogenesis	US28, IE1, viral secretome	83
Genome Instability and Mutation	IE1, IE2, UL76, viral infection	84-86
Resisting Cell Death	IE1, IE2, UL36, UL37x1, UL38, B2.7	87
Deregulating Cellular Energetics	viral infection	88-89

^aUS: unique short

^bpp: phospho protein

^cUL: unique long

^dIE: Immediate-early

^emiR: microRNA