Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review.
| Authors | Study Design | Sample Size |
Age in Years (Mean and SD, Range) |
Race/Ethnicity | Disease Characteristics |
Treatment Characteristics | Menopausal Status | Position in Disease / Treatment Trajectory |
Time Since Diagnosis / Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alfano et al., 200642 |
Longitudinal | 803 | 56 (10), range = 29 to 86 |
White 60.4%, Black 24.8%, Hispanic 11.8% |
Localized 56.4%, Regional 21.4%, In situ 22.2% |
Surgery only 32.3%; surgery/radiotherapy 36.9%; surgery/chemotherapy 9.2%; surgery/radiation/chemotherapy 21.7% |
24 mo. Assessment: premenopausal 18.3%; postmenopausal 75.9%; unclassifiable 5.8%; taking tamoxifen 45% |
Post-treatment when checklist administered |
Mean of 40.5 (6.5) months |
| Avis et al., 200436 |
Cross-sectional | 204 | 43.5 (6.2) | Caucasian 96%, African American 2%, Other 2% |
Stage I, II, or III | No mastectomy 56.5%; mastectomy, no reconstruction 20.0%; mastectomy, reconstruction 23.5%; initial chemotherapy 74.9%; initial radiation 69.3% |
Not reported | No current treatment 70.30%; initial treatment ongoing 11.88%; initial treatment ended 17.82%; currently undergoing treatment |
23.32 (9.8) range = 4 to 42 months |
| Avis et al., 200540 |
Cross-sectional | 202 | 43.5 (6.2) | White 96% | Stage I, II, III, or recurrent disease |
No mastectomy 56.6%; mastectomy, no reconstruction 19.7%; mastectomy, reconstruction 23.7%; initial chemotherapy 75.1%; initial radiation 69.6% |
Not reported | No current treatment 70.5%; initial treatment ongoing 12%; initial treatment ended 17.5%; currently undergoing treatment |
23.32 (9.8) range = 4 to 42 months |
| Chin et al., 200946 |
Cross-sectional | 251 | 60.5 (10.79), range = 32 - 91 |
Not reported | Early stage 84%, Metastatic 16% |
Endocrine therapy for early stage 84%; being treated for metastatic disease 16%; on tamoxifen 31%; on aromatase inhibitor 69% |
Postmenopausal 100% | Not reported | Not Reported / Mean duration of endocrine treatment = 23 months (range = 1 - 84 months) |
| Couzi et al., 199531 |
Cross-sectional | 190 | 54.9 (6.1), range = 41 to 65 |
White 83%, Black 14%, Other 3% |
In situ BC 15%, Invasive locoregional 85% |
Surgery only with or without radiation 37%; adjuvant therapy in form of chemotherapy, tamoxifen or both 63%; Tamoxifen at time of survey 35% ; ERT at some time before diagnosis 29% |
Postmenopausal | Post-treatment, 35% taking tamoxifen |
Not reported / Not reported |
| Ganz et al., 200032 |
Randomized controlled trial |
72 | 54.5 (5.9) | Asian (n=1) 1.4%, Black (n=5) 7%, Hispanic (n=1) 1.4%, White (n=65) 90% |
Stage I or II | Lumpectomy 67% (n=48); mastectomy 33% (n=24); tamoxifen 56% (n=40); prior radiation 69% (n=50); prior chemotherapy 47% (n=34) |
Mean of 6.9 (7.3) years postmenopausal |
Between 8 months and 5 years after diagnosis; completed treatment at least 4 months prior |
2.5 years (1.3) |
| Ganz et al., 200234 |
Longitudinal | 763 | 55.6 initial survey; 58.5 at follow-up |
White 83.5%, Black 8.9%, Other 7.6% |
Stage I or II | Lumpectomy 52.6%; mastectomy 28.5%; mastectomy with reconstruction 18.9%; received chemotherapy 42.2%; on tamoxifen 48.4% |
Not reported | Between 1 and 5 years post diagnosis at first assessment. Between 5 and 10 years post diagnosis at follow-up |
Mean 6.3 years (range = 5.0 to 9.5) |
| Ganz et al., 200335 |
Cross-sectional | 577 | 49.5, range = 30 - 61.6 |
White 70.2%, African American 11.6%, Hispanic 7.3%, Asian 8.5%, Other 2.4% |
Stage 0, I, or II | Lumpectomy 55.8%; mastectomy 44.2%; reconstruction 23.3%; received adjuvant therapy 62.0%; ever use tamoxifen 37.4%; current tamoxifen 18.0%; adjuvant therapy: none 27.5%, tamoxifen only 10.4%, chemotherapy only 35.0%, tamoxifen and chemotherapy 27.0% |
Premenopausal 16%, perimenopausal 13%, postmenopausal 60%, unclassifiable 11% |
Disease free between 2 and 10 years without recurrence / post treatment |
5.9 (1.5) years |
| Greendale et al., 200133 |
Cross-sectional | 61 | 54.5, range = 43.1 - 70.3 |
White 92%, Non-White 8% |
Stage I - II | Mastectomy 38%; lumpectomy 62%; current tamoxifen 61%; past chemotherapy 46% |
Postmenopausal | At least 8 months but not more than 5 years post diagnosis; completed chemotherapy or radiotherapy at least 4 months before enrollment |
2.4 years, range = .8 - 5.6 |
| Gupta et al., 200643 |
Cross-sectional | 200 | 53.9 (8.21), range = 29 to 65 |
Caucasian 95.2%, Afro-Caribbean 1.1%, Asian 3.7% |
Not reported | Chemotherapy 42%; radiotherapy to lower abdomen or pelvis 2.5%; bilateral oophorectomy 2.5%; GnRH analog 3.0%; tamoxifen 56.0%; anastrozole 7.5% |
Premenopausal 6.1%, perimenopausal 9.1%, postmenopausal 65.5%, hysterectomy 19.3% |
Received treatment within last 5 years |
> 5 years = 8%, 3 - 5 years = 20%, 1 - 3 years = 56%, < 1 year = 16% |
| Land et al., 200437 |
Longitudinal | 160 | ≤ 49 = 50.6%; 50 - 59 = 32.5%; ≥ 60 = 16.9% |
White 74.4%, Black 18.8%, Other 3.7%, Unknown 3.1% |
Axillary node- negative estrogen receptor-negative |
Surgery: lumpectomy + AD = 58.1%; modified radical = 41.9%; receiving AC or CMF |
Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Leining et al., 200644 |
Cross-sectional | 371 | 36.2 | Caucasian 89%, African American 2%, Other 9%, Missing 1% |
Stage 0 - III | Radiation 65%; mastectomy 58%; no systemic treatment 6%; chemotherapy 89%; tamoxifen 49%; ovarian suppression 15%; aromatase inhibitors 4%. At time of survey: Tamoxifen only 36%, ovarian suppression 9%, & aromatase inhibitors only 3% |
Not reported | At least one year post diagnosis |
1 - 2 years 53%, 3 - 5 years 33%, equal to or greater than 6 years 14% |
| Morales et al., 200438 |
Longitudinal | 164 | 62 | Not reported | Not reported | Adjuvant hormonal treatment 80% (n = 132); palliative treatments 20% (n = 32) |
Mean of 10 years postmenopausal |
Scheduled to start endocrine treatment |
Not reported |
| Oleske et al., 200439 |
Cross-sectional | 123 | 58.3 (4.0) | White 93% | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | At least one year from therapy |
3.6 (2.6) years |
| Schover et al., 200645 |
Randomized controlled trial |
48 | 49.29 (8.3), range = 30 to 77 |
African American 100% |
Stage 0 to IIIA | Mastectomy without reconstruction 33% (n=16); mastectomy with reconstruction 19% (n=9); breast conservation 48% (n=23); past chemotherapy 74% (n=34); tamoxifen only in past 17% (n=8); tamoxifen currently 25% (n=12); currently taking other hormonal therapy 4% (n=2) |
Currently having menstrual cycles 19% (n=9) |
At least one year from diagnosis; had completed treatment except hormonal therapy, not undergoing breast reconstruction |
4.52 (3.8) years |
| Stanton et al., 200541 |
Cross-sectional | Sample 1: 863; Sample 2: 577; Sample 3: 560; Sample 4: 208 |
Sample 1: 56 (11.5), range = 31- 88; Sample 2: 50 (5.6), range = 30- 62; Sample 3: 57 (11.4), range = 27- 87; Sample 4: 47 (7.3), range = 20- 66 |
Sample 1: White 77%, Black 14%, Other 9%; Sample 2: White 70%, Black 12%, Other 16%; Sample 3: White 86%, Black 7%, Other 7%; Sample 4: White 96%, Black 3%, Other 1% |
Sample 1: 0 - II; Sample 2: 0 - II; Sample 3: I - II; Sample 4: High risk |
Chemotherapy: Sample 1: 38%; Sample 2: 62%; Sample 3: 50%; Sample 4: NA. Surgery (lumpectomy) Sample 1: 51%; Sample 2: 56%; Sample 3: 67%; Sample 4: NA. Tamoxifen (current) Sample 1: 47%; Sample 2: 18%; Sample 3: 54%; Sample 4: 0 |
Not reported | Sample 1: diagnosed 1 - 5 years earlier; Sample 2: disease free for 2 - 10 years; Sample 3: recently completed treatment; Sample 4: NA |
Sample 1: 36 mos, range = 10 - 78; Sample 2: 71 mos, range = 18 - 140; Sample 3: 7 mos, range = 1 - 19; Sample 4: NA |
BCPT = Breast Cancer Prevention Trial Symptom Checklist from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project
QOL = quality of life
BCS = breast cancer survivors
BC indicates breast cancer
CMF chemotherapy regimen = cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil
AC chemotherapy regimen = doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide
AD = axillary node dissection