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. 2011 Oct;166(1):46–54. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04439.x

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Increased secretion of key inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. (a) Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α: cultured pDC from ulcerative colitis [remission (RM) n = 7, flare-up (FU) n = 3] and Crohn's disease (CD) (RM n = 8, FU n = 10) patients secrete more tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α than healthy controls (n = 14). (b) Interleukin (IL)-6: cultured pDC from UC (RM n = 7, FU n = 3) and CD (RM n = 8, FU n = 9) patients secrete more IL-6 than healthy controls (n = 13). (c) IL-8: cultured pDC from UC (RM n = 6, FU n = 3) and CD (RM n = 9, FU n = 9) patients secrete more IL-8 than healthy controls (n = 14). Asterisk denotes statistical significance *P < 0·05; **P < 0·01.