. 2010 Dec 22;35(11):1611–1620. doi: 10.1007/s00264-010-1159-5

Table 1.

Values of maximum internal rotation with corresponding torques

Maximum deflection angles and moments for intact versus absent ACL
ID	Knee flexion angle	Internal rotation, ACL absent		External rotation, ACL absent		Internal rotation, ACL intact		External rotation, ACL intact
		Angle (°)	Nm	Angle (°)	Nm	Angle (°)	Nm	Angle (°)	Nm
I	0°	19.0	18.4	−13.6	16.7	13.3	12.5	−9.2	11.4
II		23.1	28.3	−17.8	23.9	13.5	16.1	−11.3	19.4
III		12.0	16.2	−17.9	18.2	3.9	7.6	−10.0	14.0
IV		13.5	20.2	−15.1	17.4	7.5	12.9	−10.3	13.6
V		21.9	20.6	−26.3	21.9	15.1	13.8	−19.8	15.5
VI		13.0	14.4	−16.7	15.8	8.4	13.7	−13.1	14.6
I	30°	21.4	17.0	−15.6	19.1	18.5	13.8	−9.6	13.1
II		23.1	25.1	−17.9	23.6	13.8	11.8	−10.3	13.1
III		16.8	16.9	−14.3	16.8	7.1	6.2	−10.7	9.4
IV		13.0	19.4	−13.2	22.2	8.4	11.3	−9.9	16.6
V		22.5	18.4	−25.2	22.6	13.6	11.1	−22.5	16.0
VI		17.7	15.8	−18.1	14.4	12.0	12.4	−12.9	15.1
I	90°	22.8	31.6	−12.4	23.3	18.3	18.5	−8.2	17.8
II		18.4	30.2	−10.7	30.1	10.1	17.6	−5.4	16.3
III		10.6	16.8	−10.0	17.4	6.7	12.9	−10.8	18.2
IV		12.5	19.4	−11.8	20.1	8.2	16.8	−6.2	15.5
V		22.8	15.8	−26.2	19.9	14.9	10.8	−15.2	16.9
VI		21.8	29.1	−15.7	28.6	9.0	13.8	−10.8	26.6
	Knee flexion angle	Averaged values of maximum rotation and corresponding moments
		Angle (°)	Nm	Angle (°)	Nm	Angle (°)	Nm	Angle (°)	Nm
Mean^a	0°	17.1	19.6	−17.9	19.0	10.3	12.8	−12.3	14.8
SEM^b		2.0	2.0	1.8	1.3	1.8	1.2	1.6	1.1
Mean^a	30°	19.1	18.8	−17.4	19.8	12.2	11.1	−12.6	13.9
SEM^b		1.6	1.4	1.8	1.5	1.7	1.1	2.0	1.1
Mean^a	90°	18.1	23.8	−14.5	23.2	11.2	15.1	−9.4	18.5
SEM^b		2.2	3.0	2.5	2.1	1.8	1.2	1.5	1.7

Data are given for each cadaver and each flexion angle, each for the intact and the absent ACL

^aArithmetic mean

^bStandard error of mean