Table 1.
Expected effects of different interspecific interaction types on individual measures of the bank vole life history variables monitored
| Measure | Effect by interactive mechanism | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct interference | Indirect resource competition | |||
| Breeding population | Non-breeding population | Breeding population | Non-breeding population | |
| Space use | Decrease (1, 2, 3) | No effect (H) | Increase (6, H) | Increase (H) |
| Survival | Decrease (1, 2, 3) | No effect (1, 4) | Decrease (H) | Decrease (H) |
| Reproduction (breeding)/maturation (not-breeding) | Decrease (1, 2, 3) | Decrease (H) | Decrease (H) | Decrease (H) |
| Offspring size, litter size | Not affected (1–4) | – | Decrease (H) | – |
| Adult size, condition | Not affected (1–3) | No effect (4) | Decrease (H) | Decrease (H) |
| Aggression | Increase (H) | No effect (H) | No effect (H) | No effect (H) |