Table 5.

Odds ratios and significance tests from the multinomial logistic regression models of temporary and permanent migration in Uganda.

Predictor	Temporary		Permanent
	Labor	Non-labor	Labor	Non-labor
Individual controls
Female	0.53	1.43	0.50	0.97
Age 20–24	2.34	0.88	3.80*	2.45*
Age 25–29	6.80**	1.32	4.69*	3.64**
Age 30–34	5.67*	1.18	9.63**	1.36
Age 35–49	2.28	0.85	1.82	0.55
Child of head	0.80	1.17	1.32	0.64
Married	0.99	6.47***	1.20	1.48
Years of education	1.05	0.98	1.06	0.92*
Household controls
Household size	1.05	0.76***	0.90**	0.97
Female head	1.84	1.35	0.62	0.43+
Ln(land area+1)	0.25+	1.77	1.39	1.21
Ln(land area+1)2	1.38**	0.88	0.94	0.88
Ln(livestock value+1)	1.92+	1.03	0.66	0.94
Ln(livestock value+1)2	0.90**	0.99	1.04	1.01
Soil quality
High soil quality	1.48	1.32	1.60	1.91+
Fixed and random effects
Regional fixed effects (χ2)	8.45*	6.17*	4.35	0.08
HH random effects (emj)	2.97***		5.26***
Ninvidiuals			654
Alternative specification 1
Soil quality score	1.34*	0.99	1.15	1.25*
Alternative specification 2
Soil quality Q1	1.11	1.40	1.43	1.36
Soil quality Q3	0.95	2.16	2.01	1.91
Soil quality Q4	2.25	0.93	1.76	2.51*
Joint test (χ2)	2.73	2.30	2.10	4.22
Alternative specification 3
High soil carbon	1.30	0.89	1.60	2.00+

Reference categories are age 18–19 and soil quality Q2.

⁺p < 0.10,

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001