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Ventricular markers. (a) Heart with 14 markers attached with cyanoacrylate adhesive gel. (b) One frame of CCD camera video. Local Vm signals are obtained from the fluorescence emitted from inside each marker. Marker numbers correspond to action potential traces in Fig. 5. (c) Triples of markers define regions for strain measurements. Triangles, lettered A–H, correspond to major axis strain plots in Fig. 7.
