Table 1.

PCR primer characteristics

Target gene	Primer directiona	Nucleotide sequence (5′-3′)	Annealing temp (°C)	Amplicon size (bp)	Reference
intI1	F	CAG TGG ACA TAA GCC TGT TC	59	160	Koeleman et al. (31)
	R	CCC GAG GCA TAG ACT GTA
Class 1 gene cassette	F	GGC ATC CAA GCA GCA AGC	55	Variable	Lévesque et al. (36)
	R	AAG CAG ACT TGA CCT GAT
qacEΔ1	F	ATC GCA ATA GTT GGC GAA GT	53	250	Sandvang et al. (60)
	R	GAA GCT TTT GCC CAT GAA GC
sul1	F	CGG CGT GGG CTA CCT GAA CG	66	433	Kerrn et al. (29)
	R	GCC GAT CGC GTG AAG TTC CG
intI2	F	CAC GGA TAT GCG ACA AAA AGG T	54	788	Mazel et al. (45)
	R	GTA GCA AAC GAG TGA CGA AAT G
Class 2 gene cassette	F	CGG GAT CCC GGA CGG CAT GCA CGA TTT GTA	62	Variable	White et al. (75)
	R	GAT GCC ATC GCA AGT ACG AG
aadA	F	GTG GAT GGC GGC CTG AAG CC	60	525	Madsen et al. (42)
	R	AAT GCC CAG TCG GCA GCG
strA-strB	F	ATG GTG GAC CCT AAA ACT CT	60	893	Tamang et al. (66)
	R	CGT CTA GGA TCG AGA CAA AG
aac(3)-IV	F	TGC TGG TCC ACA GCT CCT TC	60	653	Boerlin et al. (7)
	R	CGG ATG CAG GAA GAT CAA
aphA1	F	ATG GGC TCG CGA TAA TGT C	53	600	Maynard et al. (44)
	R	CTC ACC GAG GCA GTT CCA T
aphA2	F	GAT TGA ACA AGA TGG ATT GC	53	347	Travis et al. (68)
	R	CCA TGA TGG ATA CTT TCT CG
aadB	F	GAG GAG TTG GAC TAT GGA TT	53	208	Travis et al. (68)
	R	CTT CAT CGG CAT AGT AAA A
ampC	F	CCC CGC TTA TAG AGC AAC AA	53	634	Féria et al. (18)
	R	TCA ATG GTC GAC TTC ACA CC
blaCARB	F	CAA GTA CTT TYA AAA CAA TAG C	50	534	Henriques et al. (24)
	R	GCTGTAATACTCCKAGCAC
blaCMY-2	F	AAC ACA CTG ATT GCG TCT GAC	60	1,226	Pérez-Pérez and Hanson (53)
	R	CTG GGC CTC ATC GTC AGT TA
blaCTX	F	CGA TGT GCA GTA CCA GTA A	60	585	Batchelor et al. (4)
	R	TTA GTG ACC AGA ATC AGC GG
blaCTX-SEQb	F	TTA ATG ATG ACT CAG AGC ATT C	52	902	Villegas et al. (72)
	R	GAT ACC TCG CTC CAT TTA TTG
blaOXA	F	TAT CTA CAG CAG CGC CAG TG	53	199	Féria et al. (18)
	R	CGC ATC AAA TGC CAT AAG TG
blaSHV	F	TCA GCG AAA AAC ACC TTG	53	475	M'Zali et al. (48)
	R	TCC CGC AGA TAA ATC ACCA
blaTEM	F	TAC GAT ACG GGA GGG CTT AC	53	716	Belaaouaj et al. (5)
	R	TTC CTG TTT TTG CTC ACC CA
blaTEM-SEQb	F	GGG GAG CTC ATA AAA TTC TTG AAG AC	59	1,100	Spanu et al. (64)
	R	GGG GGA TCC TTA CCA ATG CTT AAT CA
cat	F	AGT TGC TCA ATG TAC CTA TAA CC	55	547	Van et al. (70)
	R	TTG TAA TTC ATT AAG CAT TCT GCC
cmlA	F	CCG CCA CGG TGT TGT TGT TAT C	59	698	Keyes et al. (30)
	R	CAC CTT GCC TGC CCA TCA TTA G
floR	F	TAT CTC CCT GTC GTT CCA G	53	399	Keyes et al. (30)
	R	AGA ACT CGC CGA TCA ATG
sul2	F	CGG CAT CGT CAA CAT AAC CT	66	721	Lanz et al. (34)
	R	TGT GCG GAT GAA GTC AGC TC
sul3	F	CAA CGG AAG TGG GCG TTG TGG A	66	244	Kozak et al. (32)
	R	GCT GCA CCA ATT CGC TGA ACG
tet(A)	F	GCT ACA TCC TGC TTG CCT TC	55	210	Ng et al. (51)
	R	CAT AGA TCG CCG TGA AGA GG
tet(B)	F	TTG GTT AGG GGC AAG TTT TG	55	659	Ng et al. (51)
	R	GTA ATG GGC CAA TAA CAC CG
tet(C)	F	CTT GAG AGC CTT CAA CCC AG	55	418	Ng et al. (51)
	R	ATG GTC GTC ATC TAC CTG CC
tet(D)	F	AAA CCA TTA CGG CAT TCT GC	55	787	Ng et al. (51)
	R	GAC CGG ATA CAC CAT CCA TC
tet(E)	F	AAA CCA CAT CCT CCA TAC GC	55	278	Ng et al. (51)
	R	AAA TAG GCC ACA ACC GTC AG
tet(G)	F	GCT CGG TGG TAT CTC TGC TC	55	468	Ng et al. (51)
	R	AGC AAC AGA ATC GGG AAC AC

^aF, forward; R, reverse.

^bPrimers bla_CTX-SEQ and bla_TEM-SEQ were used to PCR amplify bla_CTX and bla_TEM genes for sequencing, respectively.