Fig. 8.
Induction of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in vivo by WT and recombinant FV3. X. laevis larvae were injected i.p. with 105 PFU of WT or recombinant viruses. Three days later, larvae were sacrificed and RNA was extracted, followed by cDNA synthesis. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ was determined by qPCR with primers specific for these genes. As a loading control, another set of primers specific for Xenopus GAPDH was also used and the expression of these genes was normalized to that of GAPDH. No statistical significance was found among any groups by ANOVA. Symbols: open circles, WT FV3; gray diamonds, FV3-ΔvIF-2; gray triangles, FV3-Δ18K.