Table 1.
Biological activities of MIF.
| Chemotactic activities | |
| Monocytes | stimulation/inhibition: dependent on its concentration |
| T lymphocytes | |
| ECs | |
| Vascular smooth muscle cells | |
| Fibroblasts | |
| Angiogenic activities | |
| Antiapoptotic activities | |
| Stimulation of cell proliferation | |
| Induction of mediators | |
| Cytokines | TNF-α |
| IL-1, 6, 8, 12 | |
| CCL2 | |
| Growth factor | VEGF |
| Adhesion molecules | |
| ICAM-1 | |
| VCAM-1 | |
| E-selectin | |
| P-selectin | |
| Proteinases | MMP-1, 3, 9, 13 |
| Nitric oxide | |
| Superoxide |
Chemotactic activities of MIF against monocytes/macrophages may be dependent on its concentration. VEGF; vascular endothelial growth factor, ICAM-1; intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, VCAM-1; vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, MMP; matrix metalloproteinase.