Table 2.
Characteristics of subjects with prostate cancer (CaP) followed on active surveillance (AS) for primary treatment, stratified by secondary treatment type (N = 886).
| Secondary treatment type characteristic | None (AS1 only) | AS + RP2 | AS + EBRT/Br3 | AS + HT4 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 401 | n = 125 | n = 192 | n = 168 | ||
| Age at diagnosis, years | <0.0001 | ||||
| Mean (±SD)5 | 70.4 (±8.0) | 60.7 (±7.9) | 69.1 (±7.0) | 73.3 (±7.0) | |
| Median | 71.7 | 61.3 | 69.5 | 74.4 | |
| Range | 41.5–91.3 | 41.3–77.2 | 48.4–85.5 | 44.4–91.8 | |
| PSA at diagnosis, ng/mL, N (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| <10 | 322 (80.3) | 98 (78.4) | 101 (52.6) | 86 (51.2) | |
| 10–19.9 | 49 (12.2) | 13 (10.4) | 51 (26.6) | 40 (23.8) | |
| ≥20 | 30 (7.5) | 14 (11.2) | 40 (20.8) | 42 (25.0) | |
| Race, N (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| White | 333 (83.0) | 87 (69.6) | 134 (69.8) | 142 (84.5) | |
| Black | 68 (17.0) | 38 (30.4) | 58 (30.2) | 26 (15.5) | |
| Comorbidities, N (%) | 0.0172 | ||||
| 0 | 106 (26.4) | 40 (32.0) | 48 (25.0) | 37 (22.0) | |
| 1 | 115 (28.7) | 40 (32.0) | 56 (29.2) | 53 (31.6) | |
| 2 | 76 (19.0) | 30 (24.0) | 55 (28.6) | 37 (22.0) | |
| 3 or above | 104 (25.9) | 15 (12.0) | 33 (17.2) | 41 (24.4) | |
| Clinical T stage, N (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| T1-T2a | 330 (82.3) | 92 (73.6) | 129 (67.2) | 109 (64.9) | |
| T2b | 38 (9.5) | 19 (15.2) | 22 (11.5) | 17 (10.1) | |
| T2c | 21 (5.2) | 10 (8.0) | 15 (7.8) | 22 (13.1) | |
| T3-4 | 12 (3.0) | 4 (3.2) | 26 (13.5) | 20 (11.9) | |
| Biopsy grade, N (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| 2–6 | 318 (79.3) | 99 (79.2) | 119 (62.0) | 110 (65.5) | |
| 7 | 61 (15.2) | 21 (16.8) | 47(24.5) | 39 (23.2) | |
| 8–10 | 22 (5.5) | 5 (4.0) | 26 (13.5) | 19 (11.3) | |
| D'Amico et al. risk strata | <0.0001 | ||||
| Low | 246 (61.4) | 68 (54.4) | 61 (31.8) | 59 (35.1) | |
| Intermediate | 93 (23.2) | 33 (26.4) | 56 (29.2) | 46 (27.4) | |
| High | 62 (15.5) | 24 (19.2) | 75 (39.1) | 63 (37.5) | |
| Time from Dx6 to secondary treatment, months | <0.0001 | ||||
| Mean (±SD5) | — | 21.8 (±18.7) | 25.7 (±21.3) | 42.8 (±32.1) | |
| Median | — | 14.0 | 16.7 | 34.8 | |
| Range | — | 9.0–121.2 | 9.0–115.0 | 9.2–149.6 | |
| Followup, years | <0.0001 | ||||
| Mean (±SD5) | 4.2 (±3.1) | 7.6 (±4.3) | 7.2 (±3.9) | 7.9 (±3.8) | |
| Median | 3.4 | 7.4 | 6.4 | 7.5 | |
| Range | 0.7–16.5 | 0.8–17.2 | 0.8–17.0 | 0.9–17.2 |
1AS: active surveillance.
2RP: radical prostatectomy.
3EBRT-BR: external beam radiation therapy and Brachytherapy, combined.
4HT: hormone therapy.
5SD: standard deviation.
6Dx: diagnosis of CaP.