FIGURE 1.

S. aureus induces SpA-dependent changes in actin organization and tight junctions. A, 16HBE cells grown polarized on Transwells were stimulated with media, S. aureus strain Newman wild type (WT) or spa mutant. Cells were stained with phalloidin (red) or anti-ZO-1 (green), and x-y sections at comparable apical levels are shown. Scale bars, 20 μm. B, biotin (red) was added to polarized monolayers following stimulation, and cells were stained for phalloidin (blue) and S. aureus (green). z-sections are shown. Scale bars, 20 μm. C, cells were stained with anti-S. aureus (green) and phalloidin (blue). x-y sections from an apical layer are shown.